The behaviour of exposed and copper-jacketed 12.7 mm En8 steel cores impacting against 5 and 9 mm Armox Advance plates was investigated to determine the significance of the jacket during the penetration. The target plates were accelerated into stationary projectiles (a reversed-ballistic configuration) and the impact was monitored using a multichannel flash X-ray system to gain insight into the interaction of the core target. Numerical simulations were also carried out to compare result with the experimental testing. Explicit numerical software LS-DYNA was used to model the behaviour of the target and the projectile during the impact collision. Fragments of the core and target plate were collected post-shot for analysis. A similar penetration behaviour was observed for both plates, although the post-shot core was shorter after impacting against the 9 mm plate, consistent with enhanced erosion behaviour. The copper jacket protected the core, resulting in greater surface defeat and dwell compared to the unjacketed core. Numerical studies agreed on the cases of projectile impacting the 5 mm and 9 mm target. However, the target fracture cannot be captured. This could be caused by the input of material data and strain rate parameter modelling in LS-DYNA was limited, while the impact phenomenon was high velocity impact that the material exhibits a highstrain rate effect. Overall, the ductile jacket appeared to serve two functions: (1) Absorbing reflected energy during impact, hence cushioning the impact and thereby preserving the core, and (2) constraining or confining the core. In this study, the steel core design and copper jacket has a more complex geometry compared to the simplified steel core designs often applied in several earlier ballistic studies. The captured flash X-rays revealed significantly less erosion in the jacketed cores, agreeing with the post-impact core length measurements.

对裸露的和装有铜套的12.7 mm En8钢芯撞击5毫米和9毫米Armox Advance钢板的行为进行了研究，以确定护套在穿透过程中的重要性。将目标板加速成静止的弹丸（反向弹道配置），并使用多通道X射线X射线系统监视撞击，以深入了解核心目标的相互作用。还进行了数值模拟，以将结果与实验测试进行比较。显式数值软件LS-DYNA被用来模拟目标和弹丸在碰撞过程中的行为。射击后收集核心和靶板的片段以进行分析。两种板都观察到类似的渗透行为，尽管在9mm平板上撞击后，后发球芯更短，这与增强的腐蚀行为一致。铜套保护了芯，与无夹套的芯相比，导致更大的表面破坏和滞留。数值研究同意了弹丸撞击5 mm和9 mm目标的情况。但是，无法捕获目标骨折。这可能是由于材料数据的输入和LS-DYNA中的应变速率参数建模受到限制，而冲击现象是材料表现出高应变速率效应的高速冲击。总的来说，延展性外套表现出两个功能：（1）吸收冲击过程中反射的能量，从而减轻冲击并保留芯子；（2）约束或约束芯子。在这个研究中，与通常在多个早期弹道研究中采用的简化钢芯设计相比，钢芯设计和铜套具有更复杂的几何形状。捕获的闪光X射线表明，夹套芯的腐蚀明显减少，与撞击后芯长度的测量结果一致。