Dendrobium officinale K. Kimura et Migo is an endangered and valuable medicinal herb. In order to understand the origin of D. officinale cultivars and the differences in germplasm resources, 81 D. officinale individuals including wild-collected, market-collected, and two germplasm resources from Zhejiang and Jiangxi province was scanned with 75 EST-SSRs. The number of alleles detected at each locus ranged from 1 to 14 with an average of 3.703. The mean expected heterozygosity (0.492), and Shannon’s information index (0.915) indicated a high level of hybridization rate among the individuals tested. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis based on UPGMA illustrated that almost all the germplasm resources from Jiangxi were grouped together, then the germplasm resources from Zhejiang, wild-collected and market-collected were divided into three clusters, indicated that the origin of market-collected individuals were derived from Zhejiang and the germplasm resources from Jiangxi were well preserved and waited for development. Eight recovered sequences of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 1 from wild-collected and two germplasm resources showed that the similarity of these sequences ranged from 71.15 to 93.42%, and base insertion, deletion and base varieties occurred in almost all the 7 recovered sequences. On the basis of EST-SSR analysis and keeping in view the purity and stability, the D. officinale germplasm resources from Jiangxi was recommended for hybridization in order to develop superior cultivars.

铁皮石end K. Kimura et Migo是一种濒临灭绝的珍贵草药。为了了解D. officinale品种的起源和种质资源的差异，81 D. officinale使用75个EST-SSR对来自浙江和江西省的野生物种，市场收集物种和两种种质资源的个体进行了扫描。在每个位点检测到的等位基因数量范围为1到14，平均为3.703。平均预期杂合度（0.492）和Shannon信息指数（0.915）表明测试个体之间的杂交率很高。基于UPGMA的主成分分析和聚类分析表明，江西几乎所有种质资源都被归类在一起，然后将浙江，野生采集和市场采集的种质资源分为三个聚类，表明市场采集的起源个体来自浙江，江西的种质资源得到很好的保存，等待开发。从野生资源和两个种质资源获得的八个果糖-双磷酸醛缩醛糖醛缩酶1的回收序列表明，这些序列的相似性范围为71.15％至93.42％，几乎所有七个回收序列均发生碱基插入，缺失和碱基变异。在EST-SSR分析的基础上，并考虑纯度和稳定性，为了发展优良品种，建议将江西杜鹃种质资源进行杂交。