Real-time biofeedback is a promising post-stroke gait rehabilitation strategy that can target specific gait deficits preferentially in the paretic leg. Our previous work demonstrated that the use of an audiovisual biofeedback interface designed to increase paretic leg propulsion, measured via anterior ground reaction force (AGRF) generation during late stance phase of gait, can induce improvements in peak AGRF production of the targeted and paretic limb of able-bodied and post-stroke individuals, respectively. However, whether different modes of biofeedback, such as visual, auditory, or a combination of both, have differential effects on AGRF generation is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of audio only, visual only, or audiovisual AGRF biofeedback in able-bodied and post-stroke individuals. Seven able-bodied (6 females, 27 ± 2 years) and nine post-stroke individuals (6 females, 54 ± 12 years, 42 ± 26 months post-stroke) completed four 30-s walking trials on a treadmill under 4 conditions: no biofeedback, audio biofeedback, visual biofeedback, or audiovisual biofeedback. Compared to walking without biofeedback, all three biofeedback modes significantly increased peak AGRF in the targeted and paretic leg. There was no significant difference in peak AGRF between the three biofeedback modes. Able-bodied individuals demonstrated greater feedback-induced increase in stride-to-stride variation of AGRF generation during audio biofeedback compared to visual biofeedback; however, similar results were not observed in the post-stroke group. The present findings may inform future development of real-time gait biofeedback interfaces for use in clinical or community environments.

中文翻译：

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音频、视觉或视听步态生物反馈对健全和中风后个体推进力产生的直接影响的比较。

实时生物反馈是一种很有前景的中风后步态康复策略，可以优先针对麻痹腿的特定步态缺陷。我们之前的工作表明，使用旨在增加麻痹腿推进力的视听生物反馈界面，通过在步态后期站立阶段产生的前地面反作用力 (AGRF) 进行测量，可以改善目标和麻痹肢体的峰值 AGRF 产生。分别是身体健全的人和中风后的人。然而，不同的生物反馈模式，如视觉、听觉或两者的组合，是否对 AGRF 产生有不同的影响尚不清楚。本研究调查了纯音频、纯视觉或视听 AGRF 生物反馈对身体健全和中风后个体的影响。七名健全人（6名女性，27 ± 2 岁）和 9 名中风后个体（6 名女性，54 ± 12 岁，42 ± 26 个月后中风）在跑步机上在 4 种条件下完成了四次 30 秒的步行试验：无生物反馈、音频生物反馈、视觉生物反馈，或视听生物反馈。与没有生物反馈的步行相比，所有三种生物反馈模式都显着增加了目标腿和麻痹腿的峰值 AGRF。三种生物反馈模式之间的峰值 AGRF 没有显着差异。与视觉生物反馈相比，身体健全的个体在音频生物反馈期间表现出更大的反馈诱导的 AGRF 生成步幅变化增加；然而，在中风后组中没有观察到类似的结果。