Human beings have co-evolved with the microorganisms in our environment for millions of years, and have developed into a symbiosis in a mutually beneficial/defensive way. Human beings have significant multifaceted relationships with the diverse microbial community. Apart from the important protective role of microbial community exposure in development of early immunity, millions of inimitable bacterial genes of the diverse microbial community are the indispensable source of essential nutrients like essential amino acids and essential fatty acids for human body. The essential nutrition from microbiome is harvested through xenophagy. As an immune effector, xenophagy will capture any microorganisms that touch the epithelial cells of our gastrointestinal tract, degrade them and turn them into nutrients for the use of our body.

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评论：调和卫生与清洁：人类微生物组学的新视角

人类与环境中的微生物共同进化了数百万年，并以互惠互利/防御性的方式发展为共生。人类与不同的微生物群落有着重要的多方面关系。除了微生物群落暴露在早期免疫发展中的重要保护作用外，多样化微生物群落的数百万个独特的细菌基因是人体必需营养素（如必需氨基酸和必需脂肪酸）不可缺少的来源。微生物组的基本营养是通过异种收获的。作为一种免疫效应剂，异种吞噬可以捕获任何接触我们胃肠道上皮细胞的微生物，使其降解并转化为营养以供人体使用。