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Zoonosis: An Emerging Link to Antibiotic Resistance Under “One Health Approach”
Indian Journal of Microbiology ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00860-z
Nishant A. Dafale , Shweta Srivastava , Hemant J. Purohit

Current scenario in communicable diseases has generated new era that identifies the “One health” approach to understand the sharing and management of etiological agents with its impact on ecosystem. Under this context the relevance of zoonotic diseases generates major concern. The indiscriminate and higher use of antibiotics in animal husbandry creates substantial pressure on the gut microbiome for development of resistance due to shorter generation time and high density. Thus, gut works as a bioreactor for the breeding of ARBs in this scenario and are continuously released in different niches. These ARBs transfer resistance genes among native flora through horizontal gene transfer events, vectors and quorum sensing. About 60% of infectious diseases in human are caused by zoonotic pathogens have potential to carry ARGs which could be transmitted to humans. The well documented zoonotic diseases are anthrax cause by Bacillus anthracis, bovine tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, brucellosis by Brucella abortus, and hemorrhagic colitis by Escherichia coli. Similarly, most of the antibiotics are not completely metabolized and released in unmetabolized forms which enters the food chain and affect various ecological niches through bioaccumulation. The persistence period of antibiotics ranges from < 1 to 3466 days in environment. The consequences of misusing the antibiotic in livestock and their fate in various ecological niches have been discussed in this review. Further the light sheds on antibiotics persistence and it biodegradation through different abiotic and biotic approaches in environment. The knowledge on personnel hygiene and strong surveillance system for zoonotic disease including ARBs transmission, prevention and control measures should be established to regulate the spread of AMR in the environment and subsequently to the human being through a food web.

中文翻译:

人畜共患病:“一种健康方法”下与抗生素耐药性的新兴联系

传染病的当前情况已经产生了一个新时代,该时代确定了一种“单一健康”方法,以了解病原体的共享和管理及其对生态系统的影响。在这种情况下,人畜共患疾病的相关性引起了人们的极大关注。在畜牧业中不加选择地使用抗生素,由于产生时间短和密度高,在肠道微生物组上产生了很大的压力以产生抗药性。因此,在这种情况下,肠道可作为ARB繁殖的生物反应器,并在不同的生态位中持续释放。这些ARB通过水平基因转移事件,载体和群体感应在自然菌群之间转移抗性基因。人间约60%的传染病是由人畜共患病原体引起的,具有携带可传播给人的ARG的潜力。有据可查的人畜共患疾病是由以下原因引起的炭疽病炭疽杆菌,结核分枝杆菌引起的牛结核病,流产布鲁氏菌引起的布鲁氏菌病和大肠杆菌引起的出血性结肠炎。同样,大多数抗生素也未完全代谢并以未代谢的形式释放,进入食物链并通过生物蓄积影响各种生态位。在环境中,抗生素的持续时间为<1至3466天。这篇综述讨论了滥用抗生素在牲畜中的后果及其在各种生态环境中的命运。进一步地,揭示了抗生素的持久性及其在环境中通过不同的非生物和生物方法的生物降解。应建立有关人畜共患疾病以及包括ARB传播,预防和控制措施在内的人畜共患疾病强有力监测系统的知识,以规范AMR在环境中以及随后通过食物网向人类的传播。
更新日期:2020-03-04
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