A spaceflight has enormous influence on the health of space voyagers due to the combined effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation. Known effects of microgravity (μg) on cells are changes in differentiation and growth. Considering the commercialization of spaceflight, future space exploration, and long‐term manned flights, research focusing on differentiation and growth of stem cells and cancer cells exposed to real (r‐) and simulated (s‐) μg is of high interest for regenerative medicine and cancer research. In this review, we focus on platforms to study r‐ and s‐μg as well as the impact of μg on cancer stem cells in the field of gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and osteosarcoma. Moreover, we review the current knowledge of different types of stem cells exposed to μg conditions with regard to differentiation and engineering of cartilage, bone, vasculature, heart, skin, and liver constructs.

中文翻译：

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微重力对干细胞和癌症干细胞分化和细胞生长的影响。

由于微重力和宇宙辐射的共同作用，航天对太空旅行者的健康具有巨大影响。微重力（μ的已知作用克上细胞）是在分化和生长的变化。考虑到航天，未来的太空探索，长期载人飞行的商业化，研究重点放在分化和暴露真实干细胞和癌细胞的生长（R-）和模拟（S-）μ g ^是再生高利息医学和癌症研究。在这次审查中，我们侧重于平台研究R和Sμ g ^以及μ的影响摹在胃肠道癌，肺癌和骨肉瘤领域中对癌症干细胞的作用。此外，我们回顾了关于软骨，骨，脉管系统，心脏，皮肤和肝脏构建物的分化和工程化的不同类型干细胞暴露于微克条件下的当前知识。