Ring‐moat dome structures (RMDSs) are positive morphologic features found clustered across many mare regions on the Moon, of which only a few isolated examples have been previously reported. Our continuing survey has expanded the known locations of the RMDSs from ~2,600 to over 8,000, indicating that RMDSs are more common geological features than previously thought. This work presents a detailed geomorphological analysis of 532 RMDSs identified in several mare basins. The combination of detailed elemental mapping, morphological and morphometric analyses, spatial distribution relationships with other geologic structures, and comparison with terrestrial analogs lead us to conclude that (1) RMDSs represent low circular mounds with diameters of a few hundred meters (average about 200 m) and a mean height of 3.5 m. The mounds are surrounded by moats ranging from tens to over 100 m in width and up to several meters in depth; (2) there is a wide variation of titanium abundances, although RMDSs are more commonly found in mare regions of moderate‐to‐high titanium content (>3 wt% TiO₂); (3) RMDSs are found to occur on or around fractures, graben, and volcanic edifices (small shields and cones); (4) a spatial association between RMDSs and Irregular Mare Patches (see Braden et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2252) is observed, suggesting that both may form from related lava flows; (5) comparisons between RMDSs and lava inflationary structures on Earth support an inflation‐related extrusive nature and a genetic relationship with host lava flow processes; and (6) RMDS embayment relationships with craters of different degradation ages superposed on the host mare, and regolith development models, produces conflicting age relationships and divide theories of RMDS origin into two categories, (1) synchronous with the emplacement and cooling of the host lava flows ~3–4 Ga and (2) emplaced substantially after the host mare lava unit, in the period ~0–3 Ga. We outline the evidence supporting this age conundrum and implications for the different theories of origin and describe future research avenues to help resolve these outstanding questions.

中文翻译：

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月球玛丽亚环穹顶结构（RMDSs）：统计，组成和形态学特征以及起源理论的评估

环纹穹顶结构（RMDS）是在月球上的许多母马区域中聚集的正形态特征，以前仅报道了几个孤立的例子。我们的持续调查将RMDS的已知位置从约2,600个扩展到了8,000多个，这表明RMDS是比以前认为的更常见的地质特征。这项工作对在几个母马盆地中发现的532个RMDS进行了详细的地貌分析。详细的元素映射，形态学和形态计量学分析，与其他地质结构的空间分布关系以及与地面类似物的比较相结合，我们得出以下结论：（1）RMDS代表直径为几百米（平均约200 m）的低圆丘。 ），平均高度为3.5 m。土墩被护城河包围，护城河的宽度从几十到100 m以上不等，深度达几米。（2）钛的丰度变化很大，尽管RMDS在钛含量中等至较高的母马区域（TiO> 3 wt％₂）; （3）发现RMDS发生在裂缝，grab陷和火山大厦（小盾构和圆锥体）上或其周围；（4）观测到RMDS与不规则母马斑块之间的空间联系（见Braden等人，2014，https：//doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2252），这表明两者都可能是由相关的熔岩流形成的; （5）RMDSs与地球上的熔岩膨胀结构之间的比较支持了与膨胀相关的挤压性以及与宿主熔岩流动过程的遗传关系；（6）RMDS与不同退化年龄的陨石坑重叠的寄主关系，叠加在母马上，重新形成发育模型，产生矛盾的年龄关系，并将RMDS起源的理论分为两类，