Understanding soil microbiome responses to different land‐management strategies provides insights into tallgrass prairie restoration. However, few studies have examined these interactions. We addressed this issue by surveying samples from the University of Nebraska at Omaha's Glacier Creek Preserve, where a long‐term burn experiment was established in 1982, with the mow treatments incorporated in 2002. In 2015, we collected 89 soil samples and obtained ~2.3 million bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA sequence reads and ~2.4 million fungal ITS reads. Analysis of the sequences showed that dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (~30.0%) and Acidobacteria (~22.8%) in bacteria and Ascomycota (~66.2%) in fungi. We found that burning and mowing had a distinct effect on soil bacterial and fungal diversity: soils exposed to the burn treatments possessed a relatively high bacterial diversity but a relatively low fungal diversity. We also observed that burning and mowing had different effects on different microbial groups within bacteria and fungi. The burn treatments led to a relatively high abundance of bacterial groups such as Gemmatimonadetes and Armatimonadetes that prefer dry or warmer soils and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, whereas the mow treatments resulted in increased abundances of Nitrospirae bacteria. Moreover, functional prediction revealed that soil samples from the burn treatments were enriched with AM and plant saprotrophic fungi, and fungal plant pathogens were enriched in the mow samples. Considering soil functional differences between burn and mow treatments and an increased plant production after burning treatments, we speculate that burning could be a better strategy in the tallgrass land restoration, with certain fungal groups as an imperative indicator.

中文翻译：

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燃烧和割草对恢复的草丛草原土壤微生物组的影响

了解土壤微生物组对不同土地管理策略的反应，为深入了解草丛草原恢复提供了见识。但是，很少有研究检查这些相互作用。我们通过调查内布拉斯加大学奥马哈分校Glacier Creek Preserve的样本解决了这个问题，该地方于1982年建立了长期燃烧实验，并于2002年采用了割草处理。2015年，我们收集了89个土壤样本，获得了约2.3 100万细菌和古细菌16S rRNA序列读数和240万真菌ITS读数。序列分析表明，优势菌是细菌中的变形杆菌（〜30.0％）和酸杆菌（〜22.8％），真菌中的子囊菌（〜66.2％）。我们发现，燃烧和割草对土壤细菌和真菌的多样性有明显的影响：暴露于烧伤处理的土壤具有较高的细菌多样性，但具有较低的真菌多样性。我们还观察到，燃烧和割草对细菌和真菌中不同的微生物群具有不同的影响。烧伤处理导致相对较高的细菌群体，例如喜欢干燥或较热土壤和丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的芽孢杆菌和Armatimonadetes，而the割处理导致硝化螺旋藻细菌的丰度增加。此外，功能预测表明，烧伤处理后的土壤样品富含AM和植物腐生真菌，割草样品中富含真菌植物病原体。考虑到焚烧和割草处理之间的土壤功能差异以及焚烧处理后植物产量的增加，