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Considering multiple anthropogenic threats in the context of natural variability: Ecological processes in a regulated riverine ecosystem
Ecohydrology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1002/eco.2217
R. Niloshini Sinnatamby 1 , Bernhard Mayer 2 , Mary K. Kruk 2 , Stewart B. Rood 3 , Anne Farineau 1 , John R. Post 1
Affiliation  

Rivers are among the most altered environments globally, but identifying which threats are responsible for observed biotic and abiotic changes is complicated by natural drivers of variation. The Bow River, Canada provides an ideal model to resolve these influences and explore spatial relationships. It originates from pristine Rocky Mountain headwaters and is subsequently impacted by typical human alterations: damming, municipal channelization and effluent release, and agricultural impacts (nutrient enrichment and water withdrawal for irrigation). By coordinating studies of the Bow River's biota, we demonstrate how threat–driver interactions depend on season and the abiotic factor and biotic community or species of interest. We conclude that impact severity and riverine recovery depend on the threat magnitude, its longitudinal position and proximity to other threats and natural drivers. We found that river regulation, water extraction and bank armouring interact to limit geomorphic processes resulting in depleted riparian woodlands and numbers of fish species, though a large, undammed tributary nearby allows quick recovery downstream. We highlight the implications of the longitudinal position of the threats because cold‐water fish species are disproportionately impacted through the area where the human impacts on the Bow River overlap. We illustrate how the interactions between flow, nutrients and temperature lead to macrophyte‐ or algae‐dominated communities and associated shifts in fish composition and biomass. Finally, we applied our increased understanding of ecological riverine processes to conclude that management techniques such as flushing flows or functional environmental flows are likely to have only minimal or conditional success in the Bow River.

中文翻译:

在自然可变性的背景下考虑多种人为威胁:受监管的河流生态系统中的生态过程

河流是全球变化最大的环境之一,但是自然变化的驱动因素使识别哪些威胁导致观察到的生物和非生物变化变得复杂。加拿大的弓河为解决这些影响并探索空间关系提供了理想的模型。它起源于原始的落基山源头,随后受到典型的人类变化的影响:筑坝,市政渠化和污水排放以及农业影响(营养物质富集和灌溉用水)。通过协调对弓河生物区系的研究,我们证明了威胁驱动程序的相互作用如何取决于季节以及非生物因子和生物群落或感兴趣的物种。我们得出结论,影响的严重程度和河流恢复取决于威胁的程度,它的纵向位置以及对其他威胁和自然驱动器的接近度。我们发现,河流调节,取水和河岸装甲相互作用限制了地貌过程,从而导致河岸林地枯竭和鱼类物种数量减少,尽管附近的大型未阻塞支流使下游得以快速恢复。我们强调威胁的纵向位置的含义,因为冷水鱼类物种在人类对Bow河的影响重叠的区域受到的影响不成比例。我们说明了流量,养分和温度之间的相互作用如何导致大型植物或藻类为主的群落以及相关的鱼类组成和生物量变化。最后,
更新日期:2020-06-08
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