Recent advances in multi‐material 3D and 4D printing (time as the fourth dimension) show that the technology has the potential to extend the design space beyond complex geometries. The potential of these additive manufacturing (AM) technologies allows for functional inclusion in a low‐cost single‐step manufacturing process. Different composite materials and various AM technologies can be used and combined to create customized multi‐functional objects to suit many needs. In this work, several types of 3D and 4D printing technologies are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are discussed. The various features and applications of 3D and 4D printing technologies used in the fabrication of multi‐material objects are reviewed. Finally, new avenues for the development of multi‐material 3D and 4D printed objects are proposed, which reflect the current deficiencies and future opportunities for inclusion by AM.

中文翻译：

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多材料 3D 和 4D 打印：调查。

多材料 3D 和 4D 打印（时间作为第四维度）的最新进展表明，该技术有潜力将设计空间扩展到复杂的几何形状之外。这些增材制造 (AM) 技术的潜力允许将功能纳入低成本的单步制造过程中。可以使用并组合不同的复合材料和各种增材制造技术来创建定制的多功能物体，以满足多种需求。在这项工作中，比较了几种类型的 3D 和 4D 打印技术，并讨论了每种技术的优缺点。回顾了多材料物体制造中使用的 3D 和 4D 打印技术的各种特征和应用。最后，提出了多材料 3D 和 4D 打印物体的开发新途径，反映了增材制造当前的缺陷和未来的机遇。