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Prevalence of feather-degrading Bacillus spp. on the plumage of birds in Australia
Emu - Austral Ornithology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-20 , DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2019.1686995
Nadya M. Sotnychuk 1, 2, 3 , Larynn R. Cutshaw 1, 2 , Laura Tuhela 1, 2 , Christa Beckmann 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Bird plumage hosts a diverse microbial community, including microbes capable of degrading the β-keratin in feathers (i.e. feather-degrading bacteria). The prevalence and effects of feather-degrading bacteria have primarily been studied in the Northern Hemisphere, and knowledge of the occurrence of these bacteria on Southern Hemisphere bird species is lacking. We explored the prevalence of feather-degrading bacteria on wild birds in Australia by sampling feathers from 254 individuals representing 25 species. First, to determine the total plumage bacterial load, we sampled bacteria from three body regions and identified and enumerated three presumed feather-degrading Bacillus spp. (B. licheniformis, B. cereus, and B. subtilis) based on morphology. Second, we collected a feather from each bird and in laboratory tests confirmed the presence of feather-degrading bacteria. Third, we tested for a relationship between the number of presumed feather-degrading Bacillus spp. counted and the presence of feather-degrading bacteria on the following variables: habitat type, foraging behaviour, flocking status, and feather wear. We found 85% of birds sampled harboured presumed Bacillus spp. Of the feather samples that tested positive for Bacillus in lab experiments, 62% were confirmed as feather-degrading Bacillus spp. The total plumage bacterial load varied with habitat type, with birds in heath habitats harbouring fewer bacteria. This study is the first report of feather-degrading bacteria on the plumage of wild Australian birds in vivo.

中文翻译:

羽毛降解芽孢杆菌的流行。关于澳大利亚鸟类的羽毛

摘要鸟类羽毛拥有多种微生物群落,包括能够降解羽毛中β-角蛋白的微生物(即羽毛降解细菌)。羽毛降解细菌的流行和影响主要在北半球进行了研究,并且缺乏这些细菌在南半球鸟类中发生的知识。我们通过对代表 25 个物种的 254 个人的羽毛进行采样,探讨了澳大利亚野生鸟类羽毛降解细菌的流行情况。首先,为了确定总羽毛细菌负荷,我们从三个身体区域取样细菌,并鉴定和列举了三个假定的羽毛降解芽孢杆菌属。(地衣芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)基于形态学。第二,我们从每只鸟身上采集了一根羽毛,并在实验室测试中证实了羽毛降解细菌的存在。第三,我们测试了假定的羽毛降解芽孢杆菌数量之间的关系。根据以下变量计数和羽毛降解细菌的存在:栖息地类型、觅食行为、植绒状态和羽毛磨损。我们发现 85% 的采样鸟类含有推测的芽孢杆菌属。在实验室实验中检测出芽孢杆菌阳性的羽毛样品中,62% 被确认为降解羽毛的芽孢杆菌属。总羽毛细菌负荷因栖息地类型而异,在荒野栖息地中的鸟类含有较少的细菌。这项研究是澳大利亚野生鸟类体内羽毛降解细菌的首次报告。我们测试了假定的羽毛降解芽孢杆菌数量之间的关系。根据以下变量计数和羽毛降解细菌的存在:栖息地类型、觅食行为、植绒状态和羽毛磨损。我们发现 85% 的采样鸟类含有推测的芽孢杆菌属。在实验室实验中检测出芽孢杆菌阳性的羽毛样品中,62% 被确认为降解羽毛的芽孢杆菌属。总羽毛细菌负荷因栖息地类型而异,在荒野栖息地中的鸟类含有较少的细菌。这项研究是澳大利亚野生鸟类体内羽毛降解细菌的首次报告。我们测试了假定的羽毛降解芽孢杆菌数量之间的关系。根据以下变量计数和羽毛降解细菌的存在:栖息地类型、觅食行为、植绒状态和羽毛磨损。我们发现 85% 的采样鸟类含有推测的芽孢杆菌属。在实验室实验中检测出芽孢杆菌阳性的羽毛样本中,62% 被确认为降解羽毛的芽孢杆菌属。总羽毛细菌负荷因栖息地类型而异,在荒野栖息地中的鸟类含有较少的细菌。这项研究是澳大利亚野生鸟类体内羽毛降解细菌的首次报告。和羽毛磨损。我们发现 85% 的采样鸟类含有推测的芽孢杆菌属。在实验室实验中检测出芽孢杆菌阳性的羽毛样品中,62% 被确认为降解羽毛的芽孢杆菌属。总羽毛细菌负荷因栖息地类型而异,在荒野栖息地中的鸟类含有较少的细菌。这项研究是澳大利亚野生鸟类体内羽毛降解细菌的首次报告。和羽毛磨损。我们发现 85% 的采样鸟类含有推测的芽孢杆菌属。在实验室实验中检测出芽孢杆菌阳性的羽毛样品中,62% 被确认为降解羽毛的芽孢杆菌属。总羽毛细菌负荷因栖息地类型而异,在荒野栖息地中的鸟类含有较少的细菌。这项研究是澳大利亚野生鸟类体内羽毛降解细菌的首次报告。
更新日期:2019-11-20
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