Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used for a multitude of applications without full comprehensive knowledge regarding their safety. In particular, lack of data on hazard characterization may lead to uncertainties regarding potential human health risk. To provide the foundation for human health risk assessment of AgNPs, this study evaluates existing hazard characterization data, including reported pharmacokinetics, symptoms, and their corresponding dose-response relationships. Human equivalent relationships are also provided by extrapolation from animal dose-response relationships. From the data analyzed, it appears that AgNPs may persist for long periods (from days to years) in the human body. It was found that AgNP toxicity on traditional major targets of exogenous substances were generally underestimated. Some omissions of toxicity on sensitive systems in the AgNP toxicity assessment require attention, such as reprotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The necessity of the establishment of toxicity tests specifically for nanomaterials is highlighted. The scientific basis of a toxicity testing strategy is advised by this study, which paves the way for the monitoring and regulation of the ENP utilization in various industries.

中文翻译：

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人体暴露途径中银纳米颗粒的危险性表征。

银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）在其安全性尚不全面的全面知识的情况下已广泛用于多种应用。特别是，缺乏有关危害特征的数据可能会导致有关潜在的人类健康风险的不确定性。为了为AgNPs的人类健康风险评估提供基础，本研究评估了现有的危害特征数据，包括报告的药代动力学，症状及其相应的剂量反应关系。通过从动物剂量-反应关系推断得出人的等效关系。从分析的数据来看，似乎AgNPs可以在人体中长期存在（从几天到几年）。人们发现，AgNP对传统外源物质主要目标的毒性通常被低估了。AgNP毒性评估中敏感系统上一些遗漏的毒性需要引起注意，例如再毒性和神经毒性。强调了建立专门针对纳米材料的毒性测试的必要性。这项研究为毒性测试策略提供了科学依据，为监测和调节各个行业的ENP利用率铺平了道路。