ABSTRACT The authors investigate the benefits for the precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution technique of using the GPS L1, L2 and L5; Galileo E1, E5a, E5b and E6; and BeiDou B1, B2 and B3 measurements. Data from 17 reference stations over a period of 31 consecutive days in 2018 were used. It was found that the four-frequency Galileo combination of E1+E5a+E5b+E6 provides the lowest geometric and ambiguity variance. In a kinematic test using triple- and four-frequency GNSS measurements, the solution convergence time can be shortened by an average of 5 minutes as compared to the triple-frequency GPS-only PPP case.

中文翻译：

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评估多频 GPS、Galileo 和北斗 PPP 模糊度分辨率的性能

摘要 作者研究了使用 GPS L1、L2 和 L5 的精确点定位 (PPP) 模糊度解决技术的好处；伽利略 E1、E5a、E5b 和 E6；和北斗 B1、B2 和 B3 测量。使用了 2018 年连续 31 天期间来自 17 个参考站的数据。发现 E1+E5a+E5b+E6 的四频伽利略组合提供了最低的几何和模糊方差。在使用三频和四频 GNSS 测量的运动学测试中，与仅使用三频 GPS 的 PPP 情况相比，求解收敛时间平均可缩短 5 分钟。