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Axonal cytomechanics in neuronal development
Journal of Biosciences ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00029-2
Sampada P Mutalik , Aurnab Ghose

For more than a century, mechanical forces have been predicted to govern many biological processes during development, both at the cellular level and in tissue homeostasis. The cytomechanics of the thin and highly extended neuronal axons have intrigued generations of biologists and biophysicists. However, our knowledge of the biophysics of neurite growth and development is far from complete. Due to its motile behavior and its importance in axonal pathfinding, the growth cone has received significant attention. A considerable amount of information is now available on the spatiotemporal regulation of biochemical signaling and remodeling of the growth cone cytoskeleton. However, the cytoskeletal organization and dynamics in the axonal shaft were poorly explored until recently. Driven by advances in microscopy, there has been a surge of interest in the axonal cytoskeleton in the last few years. A major emerging area of investigation is the relationship between the axonal cytoskeleton and the diverse mechanobiological responses of neurons. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of the axonal cytoskeleton and its critical role in governing axonal mechanics in the context of neuronal development.

中文翻译:

神经元发育中的轴突细胞力学

一个多世纪以来,人们预测机械力将在细胞水平和组织稳态中控制发育过程中的许多生物过程。细长且高度延伸的神经元轴突的细胞力学引起了几代生物学家和生物物理学家的兴趣。然而,我们对神经突生长和发育的生物物理学知识还远未完成。由于其运动行为及其在轴突寻路中的重要性,生长锥受到了极大的关注。现在有大量关于生化信号的时空调节和生长锥细胞骨架重塑的信息。然而,轴突轴中的细胞骨架组织和动力学直到最近才被很好地探索。在显微镜技术进步的推动下,在过去的几年里,人们对轴突细胞骨架的兴趣激增。一个主要的新兴研究领域是轴突细胞骨架与神经元多种机械生物学反应之间的关系。本综述试图总结我们目前对轴突细胞骨架的理解及其在神经元发育背景下控制轴突力学的关键作用。
更新日期:2020-04-27
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