Spatial learning of real-world environments is impaired with severely restricted peripheral field of view (FOV). In prior research, the effects of restricted FOV on spatial learning have been studied using passive learning paradigms – learners walk along pre-defined paths and are told the location of targets to be remembered. Our research has shown that mobility demands and environmental complexity may contribute to impaired spatial learning with restricted FOV through attentional mechanisms. Here, we examine the role of active navigation, both in locomotion and in target search. First, we compared effects of active versus passive locomotion (walking with a physical guide versus being pushed in a wheelchair) on a task of pointing to remembered targets in participants with simulated 10° FOV. We found similar performance between active and passive locomotion conditions in both simpler (Experiment 1) and more complex (Experiment 2) spatial learning tasks. Experiment 3 required active search for named targets to remember while navigating, using both a mild and a severe FOV restriction. We observed no difference in pointing accuracy between the two FOV restrictions but an increase in attentional demands with severely restricted FOV. Experiment 4 compared active and passive search with severe FOV restriction, within subjects. We found no difference in pointing accuracy, but observed an increase in cognitive load in active versus passive search. Taken together, in the context of navigating with restricted FOV, neither locomotion method nor level of active search affected spatial learning. However, the greater cognitive demands could have counteracted the potential advantage of the active learning conditions.

中文翻译：

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主动学习在外围场受限的导航过程中是否有益于空间记忆？

现实世界环境的空间学习受到严重限制的外围视野 (FOV) 的影响。在先前的研究中，已经使用被动学习范式研究了受限 FOV 对空间学习的影响——学习者沿着预先定义的路径行走，并被告知要记住的目标位置。我们的研究表明，移动性需求和环境复杂性可能会通过注意力机制导致 FOV 受限的空间学习受损。在这里，我们研究了主动导航在运动和目标搜索中的作用。首先，我们比较了主动运动与被动运动（在身体引导下行走与坐在轮椅上）对模拟 10° FOV 的参与者指向记忆目标的任务的影响。我们发现主动和被动运动条件在更简单（实验 1）和更复杂（实验 2）空间学习任务中的性能相似。实验 3 需要在导航时主动搜索要记住的命名目标，使用轻度和重度 FOV 限制。我们观察到两个 FOV 限制之间的指向精度没有差异，但在 FOV 严重受限的情况下注意力需求增加。实验 4 将主动和被动搜索与受试者内的严重 FOV 限制进行了比较。我们发现指向准确性没有差异，但观察到主动搜索与被动搜索的认知负荷增加。综上所述，在限制 FOV 导航的情况下，运动方法和主动搜索水平都不会影响空间学习。然而，