In major depressive disorder (MDD), event-related potentials that are involved in auditory cortex function (i.e. N100 and P300) often have greater latencies and decreased amplitudes. The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is thought to be produced by generators in the auditory cortex, as well as the frontal lobes. Reports on differences in MMN in those with MDD have been varied. It was hypothesized that the wide range of results in the literature may be due to the use of different deviant types in eliciting the MMN. To attempt and explain these inconsistencies, the current study employed a multifeature MMN paradigm with 5 deviant tone types in community-dwelling participants with a diagnosis of MDD. We found those with MDD had higher MMN amplitudes following tones that deviated in intensity and location, but no difference in MMNs elicted by the other deivants (relative to unaffected controls). Location MMN deviants were negatively correlated with depression severity scores (i.e. larger MMN with greater severity). We also found longer MMN latencies following the pitch deviant. These results suggest the early auditory change detection process is altered in MDD, but only following certain types of auditory stimuli. Potential explanations for these findings, including high levels of anxiety and the influence of tryptophan are explored. Equally, the current report highlights the importance of using various deviant types when examining the MMN in clinical populations.

中文翻译：

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重度抑郁症的 MMN 索引听觉变化检测

在重度抑郁症 (MDD) 中，与听觉皮层功能相关的事件相关电位（即 N100 和 P300）通常具有更大的潜伏期和更低的振幅。听觉失配负性 (MMN) 被认为是由听觉皮层和额叶中的发生器产生的。关于 MDD 患者 MMN 差异的报告各不相同。假设文献中的广泛结果可能是由于在引发 MMN 时使用了不同的异常类型。为了尝试和解释这些不一致，当前的研究在诊断为 MDD 的社区参与者中采用了具有 5 种异常音调类型的多特征 MMN 范式。我们发现患有 MDD 的人在强度和位置偏离的音调后具有更高的 MMN 振幅，但其他异常引起的 MMN 没有差异（相对于未受影响的对照）。位置 MMN 偏差与抑郁症严重程度评分呈负相关（即 MMN 越大，严重程度越高）。我们还发现在音高异常后更长的 MMN 延迟。这些结果表明早期听觉变化检测过程在 MDD 中发生了改变，但仅在某些类型的听觉刺激之后发生了改变。探索了对这些发现的潜在解释，包括高度焦虑和色氨酸的影响。同样，当前的报告强调了在临床人群中检查 MMN 时使用各种异常类型的重要性。我们还发现在音高异常后更长的 MMN 延迟。这些结果表明早期听觉变化检测过程在 MDD 中发生了改变，但仅在某些类型的听觉刺激之后发生了改变。探索了对这些发现的潜在解释，包括高度焦虑和色氨酸的影响。同样，当前的报告强调了在临床人群中检查 MMN 时使用各种异常类型的重要性。我们还发现在音高异常后更长的 MMN 延迟。这些结果表明早期听觉变化检测过程在 MDD 中发生了改变，但仅在某些类型的听觉刺激之后发生了变化。探索了对这些发现的潜在解释，包括高度焦虑和色氨酸的影响。同样，当前的报告强调了在临床人群中检查 MMN 时使用各种异常类型的重要性。