Probing quark matter is one of the important tasks in the studies of neutron stars (NS). Some works explicitly consider the existence of quark matter in the appearance of hybrid star (HS) or pure quark star (QS). In the present work, we study the roto-chemical heating with accretion in HS and QS, and compare their chemical evolution and cooling features with pure NS. Different from HS and NS, there are two jumps in the chemical evolution of QS, which results from the fast direct Urca (Durca) reaction causing the fast recovery to chemical balance. However, the sudden change in the chemical evolution doesn’t provide an obvious heating effect in the thermal evolution. Differently, the roto-chemical heating effect appears both in the accretion phase and spin-down phase of the HS, and the heating platform in the accretion phase relies on the accretion rate. Larger accretion rate results in larger chemical deviation, higher and longer heating platform, and earlier appearance of the heating effect. Interestingly, with the disappearance of the heating effect in the accretion phase, the surface temperature drops fast, which is another possibility of the rapid cooling trend of the NS in Cas A. Furthermore, the surface temperature of the QS is obviously lower than the HS and NS, which is a latent candidate for the explanation of the old classical pulsar J2144-3933 with the lowest known surface temperature.

中文翻译：

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包含夸克物质的中子星中具有回退盘吸积的旋转化学加热

探测夸克物质是中子星（NS）研究的重要任务之一。一些作品明确地考虑了混合星（HS）或纯夸克星（QS）出现时夸克物质的存在。在目前的工作中，我们研究了HS和QS内增生的旋转化学加热，并与纯NS比较了它们的化学演变和冷却特性。与HS和NS不同，QS的化学演化过程有两个跳跃，这是由于快速直接的Urca（Durca）反应导致快速恢复到化学平衡所致。但是，化学演化的突然变化并没有在热演化中提供明显的加热效果。不同的是，旋转化学加热效应同时出现在HS的积聚阶段和降速阶段，吸积阶段的加热平台依赖于吸积率。吸积率越高，化学偏差越大，加热平台越高，加热效果越早出现。有趣的是，随着吸积阶段加热效应的消失，表面温度快速下降，这是Cas A中NS快速冷却趋势的另一种可能性。此外，QS的表面温度明显低于HS NS，这是解释已知表面温度最低的旧经典脉冲星J2144-3933的潜在候选者。