OBJECTIVES The impact of the implant surface material and roughness on inflammatory processes in peri-implantitis is not entirely clear. Hence, we investigated how titanium and zirconia surfaces with different roughness influence the susceptibility of primary human gingival fibroblasts to different inflammatory stimuli. METHODS Primary human gingival fibroblasts were isolated from 8 healthy individuals and cultured on following surfaces: smooth titanium machined surface (TiM), smooth zirconia machined surface (ZrM), moderately rough titanium surface (SLA), or moderately rough zirconia surface (ZLA). Subsequently, stimulation with one of the following stimuli was performed: Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β. The resulting production of IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was measured by qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS P. gingivalis LPS induced IL-6 and MCP-1 production was slightly higher on titanium surfaces compared to zirconia surfaces. IL-1β induced IL-6 production was not affected by any surface characteristic. The production of MCP-1 in response to IL-1β was higher on smooth compared to rough surfaces and was not affected by the material. The production of IL-6 and MCP-1 in response to TNF-α was most strongly affected by surface characteristics. Higher production of these cytokine was observed on smooth compared to rough surfaces and on titanium compared to zirconia surfaces. Surface characteristics had only minor effects on IL-8 production. SIGNIFICANCE The susceptibility of primary gingival fibroblasts to inflammation depends on various factors, such as surface material, surface roughness and the nature of inflammatory stimuli. All these factors might determine susceptibility to peri-implantitis.

中文翻译：

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植入物表面材料和粗糙度对原发性牙龈成纤维细胞对炎性刺激敏感性的影响。

目的种植体表面材料和粗糙度对种植体周围炎中炎症过程的影响尚不完全清楚。因此，我们研究了具有不同粗糙度的钛和氧化锆表面如何影响原发性人类牙龈成纤维细胞对不同炎症刺激的敏感性。方法从8位健康个体中分离出原代人牙龈成纤维细胞，并在以下表面上进行培养：光滑的钛加工表面（TiM），光滑的氧化锆加工表面（ZrM），中等粗糙度的钛表面（SLA）或中等粗糙度的氧化锆表面（ZLA）。随后，用以下刺激之一进行刺激：牙龈卟啉单胞菌脂多糖（LPS），肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α，白介素（IL）-1β。IL-6，IL-8，用qPCR和ELISA法检测单核细胞趋化蛋白（MCP）-1。结果与氧化锆表面相比，牙龈卟啉单胞菌LPS诱导的钛表面IL-6和MCP-1生成略高。IL-1β诱导的IL-6产生不受任何表面特性的影响。与粗糙表面相比，光滑表面上响应IL-1β的MCP-1产量更高，并且不受材料影响。表面特征最强烈地影响响应TNF-α的IL-6和MCP-1的产生。与粗糙表面相比，在光滑表面上观察到这些细胞因子的产量更高，与氧化锆表面相比，在钛上观察到更高。表面特征对IL-8的产生仅有很小的影响。意义原发性牙龈成纤维细胞对炎症的敏感性取决于多种因素，例如表面材料，表面粗糙度和炎症刺激的性质。所有这些因素都可能决定对种植体周围炎的敏感性。