Biosurfactants (BSs) molecules are classically branded as emulsifiers of hydrocarbon compounds and are extensively applied in several fields including pharmaceutics, food processing, biodegradation, bioremediation, cosmetics, and pest control management. Due to the amphiphilic and surface-active properties, BS interacts with lipid membranes of the cell and alters its physio-chemical nature. As a result, various biological functions of the target cells are lost. In recent times, several studies have shown antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer potentials of BS molecules. BS primarily destroy bacterial cells by directly disrupting the integrity of the plasma membrane or cell wall. Whereas, their antiviral action seems to be due to their physicochemical interaction with the virus lipid envelope. However, antiproliferative potency of BSs make them a potential anticancer agent. BS can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and metastasis arrest in tumour cells with no influence on non-tumour cells. Interestingly, BS molecules also demonstrate immunomodulatory activities either by suppression or activation of immune system. The advantages of BS over their chemical counterparts are their biocompatibility, high biodegradability, high specificity and low toxicity. Moreover, chemical diversity, environmentally friendly nature and, suitability for large-scale production has bestowed BS many future applications. This review presents, in a systematic manner, the interference of BS of various classes including glycolipids, phospholipids and lipopeptides with the activities or mechanism of action of immune response. Also, we shed lights on how such biological activities of BSs make them a new class of therapeutic molecules for combating various immune disorders.

中文翻译：

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生物表面活性剂：潜在的免疫调节药物。

生物表面活性剂（BSs）分子通常被称为烃类化合物的乳化剂，并广泛应用于制药，食品加工，生物降解，生物修复，化妆品和病虫害防治等多个领域。由于具有两亲性和表面活性，BS与细胞的脂质膜相互作用，并改变其理化性质。结果，靶细胞的各种生物学功能丧失。最近，一些研究表明BS分子具有抗微生物，抗病毒和抗癌的潜力。BS主要通过直接破坏质膜或细胞壁的完整性来破坏细菌细胞。而它们的抗病毒作用似乎是由于它们与病毒脂质包膜的物理化学相互作用。然而，BS的抗增殖能力使其成为潜在的抗癌药。BS可以诱导肿瘤细胞的细胞周期停滞，凋亡和转移停滞，而对非肿瘤细胞无影响。有趣的是，BS分子还可以通过抑制或激活免疫系统来显示免疫调节活性。BS比其化学对应物的优势在于它们的生物相容性，高生物降解性，高特异性和低毒性。此外，化学多样性，环境友好的性质以及对大规模生产的适用性使BS拥有许多未来的应用。这篇综述以系统的方式介绍了包括糖脂，磷脂和脂肽在内的各种类型的BS对免疫应答的活性或作用机制的干扰。也，