Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) is a tree species whose edible fruit was a staple food for many centuries until the emergence of potato and cereal crops. Once of great importance for the survival of rural populations, at present there is a renewed interest in this fruit as a nutritious food, partly due being gluten-free. Portugal is one of the major sweet chestnut producing countries and is an important natural habitat for native European chestnut species. In a nutriproteomics approach, the main objective was to describe and evaluate the sweet chestnut germplasm present in Portugal. Globulins of 22 Portuguese sweet chestnut varieties were used as markers of genetic diversity. This characterization showed significant diversity (h = 0.334) among the varieties tested, but also a homonymy problem in varietal identification. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were then used to further investigate the chestnut proteome. Most of the proteins were assigned as having functions in nutritional storage activity. The photorespiration protein Rubisco, normally present in photosynthesizing plant parts was also present in the fruit which suggests that the catabolism of this protein is unusual in C. sativa species. Furthermore, the Portuguese varieties have been shown to be good sources of essential amino acids, and particularly the ‘Bária’ variety showed a balanced profile that meets the recommended dietary requirements of older children, adolescents, and adults.

欧洲栗（Castanea sativa Miller）是一种树种，其可食用的水果在许多世纪以来一直是主食，直到马铃薯和谷类作物出现。曾经对农村人口的生存极为重要的是，目前人们对这种水果作为一种营养食品有了新的兴趣，部分原因是不含麸质。葡萄牙是主要的欧洲栗木生产国之一，并且是欧洲本土栗子品种的重要自然栖息地。在营养营养学方法中，主要目的是描述和评估葡萄牙所存在的板栗种质。22个葡萄牙甜栗品种的球蛋白被用作遗传多样性的标记。此表征显示出显着的多样性（h = 0.334），但在品种鉴定中还是一个同名问题。然后使用二维电泳和质谱法进一步研究了板栗蛋白质组。大多数蛋白质被指定为具有营养存储活性的功能。通常在光合作用植物部分中存在的光呼吸蛋白Rubisco也存在于果实中，这表明该蛋白的分解代谢在紫花苜蓿物种中是不寻常的。此外，葡萄牙品种已被证明是必需氨基酸的良好来源，特别是“Bária”品种表现出平衡的特征，可以满足年龄较大的儿童，青少年和成人的建议饮食要求。