Abstract The real time simulation is a key tool for the implementation of monitoring and diagnostic methods as well as of model-based control strategies in modern photovoltaic systems. Under the hypothesis that all the cells of the photovoltaic array operate in the same temperature and irradiance conditions and have the same degradation level, the values of the parameters appearing in the single diode equivalent circuit referred to one cell are scaled up to the whole array, so that the simulation is not computationally demanding at all. Unfortunately, when mismatching effects have to be taken into account, including partial shadowing phenomena and uneven degradation of the cells, the simulation is not as straightforward as in the previous case. A numerical method, which has been recently presented in literature, allows to simulate a large mismatched photovoltaic array with a low computational effort. It exploits a suitable formulation of the non linear system of equations leading to an inverse Jacobian matrix formulated explicitly. In this paper it is shown the process for engineering such a numerical method by using a low cost system-on-chip device available on the market. The analysis presented shows the critical aspects of the implementation, if the computing time has to be minimized for real-time simulation purposes. The advantages offered by the system-on-chip are explored in order to deploy in the best way the algorithm functions on the ARM processor and on the FPGA available therein. Implementation results show the performance of the proposed approach, especially in terms of computation time and use of resources.

中文翻译：

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基于 SoC 的错配光伏组串嵌入式实时仿真

摘要 实时仿真是在现代光伏系统中实施监控和诊断方法以及基于模型的控制策略的关键工具。假设光伏阵列的所有电池在相同的温度和辐照度条件下工作，具有相同的退化程度，将单个二极管等效电路中出现的参数值按比例放大到整个阵列，因此，模拟根本不需要计算。不幸的是，当必须考虑失配效应时，包括部分阴影现象和电池的不均匀退化，模拟并不像前一种情况那么简单。最近在文献中提出的一种数值方法，允许以较低的计算量模拟大型失配光伏阵列。它利用了非线性方程组的适当公式，导致显式公式化的雅可比逆矩阵。在本文中，它展示了使用市场上可用的低成本片上系统设备来设计这种数值方法的过程。所呈现的分析显示了实现的关键方面，如果为了实时仿真目的而必须最小化计算时间。探索片上系统提供的优势，以便以最佳方式在 ARM 处理器和其中可用的 FPGA 上部署算法功能。实施结果显示了所提出方法的性能，特别是在计算时间和资源使用方面。