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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and COVID-19 infection.
Annales d'Endocrinologie ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.04.005
Joachim Alexandre 1 , Jean-Luc Cracowski 2 , Vincent Richard 3 , Béatrice Bouhanick 4 ,
Affiliation  

With the multiplication of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome cases due to SARS-COV2, some concerns about angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) have emerged. Since the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) enzyme is the receptor that allows SARS COV2 entry into cells, the fear was that pre-existing treatment with ACEi or ARB might increase the risk of developing severe or fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome in case of COVID-19 infection. The present article discusses these concerns. ACE2 is a membrane-bound enzyme (carboxypeptidase) that contributes to the inactivation of angiotensin II and therefore physiologically counters angiotensin II effects. ACEis do not inhibit ACE2. Although ARBs have been shown to up-regulate ACE2 tissue expression in experimental animals, evidence was not always consistent in human studies. Moreover, to date there is no evidence that ACEi or ARB administration facilitates SARS-COV2 cell entry by increasing ACE2 tissue expression in either animal or human studies. Finally, some studies support the hypothesis that elevated ACE2 membrane expression and tissue activity by administration of ARB and/or infusion of soluble ACE2 could confer protective properties against inflammatory tissue damage in COVID-19 infection. In summary, based on the currently available evidence and as advocated by many medical societies, ACEi or ARB should not be discontinued because of concerns with COVID-19 infection, except when the hemodynamic situation is precarious and case-by-case adjustment is required.

中文翻译:

肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统和COVID-19感染。

随着SARS-COV2引起的COVID-19严重急性呼吸系统综合症病例的增多,人们对血管紧张素转换酶1(ACE1)抑制剂(ACEi)和血管紧张素II 1型受体阻滞剂(ARB)产生了一些担忧。由于ACE2(血管紧张素转换酶2)酶是可以使SARS COV2进入细胞的受体,因此担心的是,预先使用ACEi或ARB治疗可能会增加患严重或致命性严重急性呼吸道综合症的风险。 2019冠状病毒病感染。本文讨论了这些问题。ACE2是一种膜结合酶(羧肽酶),可导致血管紧张素II失活,因此在生理上抵消了血管紧张素II的作用。ACEis不抑制ACE2。尽管已显示ARB在实验动物中上调ACE2组织的表达,证据在人体研究中并不总是一致的。此外,迄今为止,尚无证据表明在动物或人体研究中,ACEi或ARB给药可通过增加ACE2组织表达来促进SARS-COV2细胞进入。最后,一些研究支持以下假设,即通过施用ARB和/或输注可溶性ACE2可以提高ACE2膜的表达和组织活性,从而可以赋予COVID-19感染抵抗炎性组织损伤的保护特性。总而言之,根据当前可用的证据,并且正如许多医学会所主张的那样,由于对COVID-19的感染,不应停用ACEi或ARB,除非血液动力学状况不稳定且需要逐案调整。迄今为止,在动物或人类研究中,尚无证据表明ACEi或ARB给药可通过增加ACE2组织表达来促进SARS-COV2细胞进入。最后,一些研究支持以下假设,即通过施用ARB和/或输注可溶性ACE2可以提高ACE2膜的表达和组织活性,从而赋予针对COVID-19感染的炎性组织损伤的保护特性。总而言之,根据当前可用的证据,并且正如许多医学会所主张的那样,由于对COVID-19的感染,不应停用ACEi或ARB,除非血液动力学状况不稳定且需要逐案调整。迄今为止,在动物或人类研究中,尚无证据表明ACEi或ARB给药可通过增加ACE2组织表达来促进SARS-COV2细胞进入。最后,一些研究支持以下假设,即通过施用ARB和/或输注可溶性ACE2可以提高ACE2膜的表达和组织活性,从而可以赋予COVID-19感染抵抗炎性组织损伤的保护特性。总而言之,根据当前可用的证据,并且正如许多医学会所主张的那样,由于对COVID-19的感染,不应停用ACEi或ARB,除非血液动力学状况不稳定且需要逐案调整。一些研究支持以下假设,即通过施用ARB和/或输注可溶性ACE2可以提高ACE2膜的表达和组织活性,从而赋予COVID-19感染抵抗炎性组织损伤的保护特性。总而言之,根据当前可用的证据,并且正如许多医学会所主张的那样,由于对COVID-19的感染,不应停用ACEi或ARB,除非血液动力学状况不稳定且需要逐案调整。一些研究支持以下假设,即通过施用ARB和/或输注可溶性ACE2可以提高ACE2膜的表达和组织活性,从而赋予COVID-19感染抵抗炎性组织损伤的保护特性。总之,根据当前可用的证据,并且如许多医学会所主张的那样,由于对COVID-19感染的关注,不应停用ACEi或ARB,除非血液动力学状况不稳定且需要逐案调整。
更新日期:2020-04-21
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