The angular dependence of magnetic-field commensurability effects in thin films of the cuprate high-critical-temperature superconductor YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) with an artificial pinning landscape is investigated. Columns of point defects are fabricated by two different methods of ion irradiation -- scanning the focused 30 keV ion beam in a helium ion microscope or employing the wide-field 75 keV He$^+$ beam of an ion implanter through a stencil mask. Simulations of the ion-target interactions and the resulting collision cascades reveal that with both methods square arrays of defect columns with sub-$\mu$m spacings can be created. They consist of dense point-defect clusters, which act as pinning centers for Abrikosov vortices. This is verified by the measurement of commensurable peaks of the critical current and related minima of the flux-flow resistance vs magnetic field at the matching fields. In oblique magnetic fields the matching features are exclusively governed by the component of the magnetic field parallel to the axes of the columnar defects, which confirms that the magnetic flux is penetrated along the defect columns. We demonstrate that the latter dominate the pinning landscape despite of the strong intrinsic pinning in thin YBCO films.

中文翻译：

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通过聚焦或掩蔽氦离子束辐照超导 YBa2Cu3O7−δ 薄膜制造的钉扎晶格中涡旋匹配的角磁场依赖性

铜酸盐高临界温度超导体 YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) 薄膜中磁场可公度效应的角度依赖性研究了人工钉扎景观。点缺陷柱是通过两种不同的离子照射方法制造的——在氦离子显微镜中扫描聚焦的 30 keV 离子束或通过模板掩模使用离子注入机的宽场 75 keV He$^+$ 束。离子-目标相互作用和由此产生的碰撞级联的模拟表明，使用这两种方法可以创建具有亚 $\mu$m 间距的缺陷列的方形阵列。它们由密集的点缺陷簇组成，充当 Abrikosov 涡旋的钉扎中心。这通过测量临界电流的可公度峰值和匹配场处的磁通流动阻力与磁场的相关最小值来验证。在倾斜磁场中，匹配特征完全由平行于柱状缺陷轴的磁场分量控制，这证实了磁通量沿缺陷柱穿透。我们证明，尽管薄 YBCO 薄膜具有很强的内在钉扎，但后者在钉扎领域占主导地位。