A short overview of theoretical models for the description of the relaxation processes in metals excited by a short laser pulse is presented. The main effort is given to description of different processes which are taking place after absorption of the laser pulse. Widely used two temperature model is discussed and the conditions of applicability of this model are identified. Various approaches for solving the Boltzmann kinetic equations are discussed. It is identified that in the case of low excitation limit the relaxation is determined by the emission of phonons by photoexcited electrons. The possibility to obtain the value of the electron phonon coupling constant from experiments is discussed.

中文翻译：

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光脉冲激发金属中的电子电子和电子-声子弛豫

简要概述了用于描述由短激光脉冲激发的金属中弛豫过程的理论模型。主要努力描述吸收激光脉冲后发生的不同过程。讨论了广泛使用的两种温度模型，并确定了该模型的适用条件。讨论了求解 Boltzmann 动力学方程的各种方法。确定在低激发极限的情况下，弛豫是由光激发电子发射声子决定的。讨论了从实验中获得电子声子耦合常数值的可能性。