The blood hemoproteins, albumin, γ-globulin, and fibrinogen, serve as biomarkers for a variety of human diseases, including kidney and hepatorenal syndromes. Therefore, there is a need to quickly and accurately measure their concentrations in blood. Herein, nucleic acid aptamers demonstrating high affinity and specificity toward these hemoproteins were selected via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, and their ability to capture their protein targets was assessed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by a tetramethyl benzidine assay. The limits of detection for the hemoproteins were all around 10⁻³μM, and dissociation constant values of 131, 639, and 29nM were obtained; capture rates were measured to be 66%, 71%, and 61%, which is likely to be suitable for clinical diagnostics. Furthermore, a multi-layer microfluidic disk system featuring hemoprotein-specific aptamers for depleting hemoproteins was demonstrated. It could be a promising approach to use aptamers to replace conventional antibodies.

中文翻译：

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多种血红素蛋白特异性适体的筛选及其在微流体系统中血红素蛋白的结合、定量和提取中的应用。

血液血红蛋白、白蛋白、γ-球蛋白和纤维蛋白原可作为多种人类疾病的生物标志物，包括肾脏和肝肾综合征。因此，需要快速、准确地测量它们在血液中的浓度。在此，通过指数富集配体的系统进化来选择对这些血红素蛋白表现出高亲和力和特异性的核酸适体，并通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和四甲基联苯胺测定来评估它们捕获其蛋白质靶标的能力。血红素蛋白的检测限均在10 ^-3 μM左右，解离常数值为131、639和29nM；捕获率测量为 66%、71% 和 61%，这可能适合临床诊断。此外，还展示了一种多层微流体盘系统，其特征在于用于消耗血红素蛋白的血红素蛋白特异性适体。使用适配体替代传统抗体可能是一种有前景的方法。