Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an RNA virus that causes respiratory illnesses mainly in children. In severe cases, it can lead to neurological complications such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 belongs to the enterovirus genera of the Picornaviridae family, which also includes many other significant human pathogens such as poliovirus, enterovirus A71, and rhinovirus. There are currently no vaccines or antivirals against EV-D68. In this review, we present the current understanding of the link between EV-D68 and AFM, the mechanism of viral replication, and recent progress in developing EV-D68 antivirals by targeting various viral proteins and host factors that are essential for viral replication. The future directions of EV-D68 antiviral drug discovery and the criteria for drugs to reach clinical trials are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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肠道病毒 D68 抗病毒药物：过去、现在和未来。

肠道病毒 D68 (EV-D68) 是一种 RNA 病毒，主要引起儿童呼吸道疾病。在严重的情况下，它可能导致神经系统并发症，例如急性弛缓性脊髓炎（AFM）。EV-D68 属于小核糖核酸病毒科的肠道病毒属，该属还包括许多其他重要的人类病原体，例如脊髓灰质炎病毒、肠道病毒 A71 和鼻病毒。目前尚无针对 EV-D68 的疫苗或抗病毒药物。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了目前对 EV-D68 和 AFM 之间联系、病毒复制机制的理解，以及通过针对病毒复制必需的各种病毒蛋白和宿主因子开发 EV-D68 抗病毒药物的最新进展。还讨论了EV-D68抗病毒药物发现的未来方向以及药物进入临床试验的标准。