Artificial cells have led to many potential applications in synthetic biology and served as useful platforms to study biological phenomena. With increasing development of DNA nanotechnology, DNA-based nanostructures with various morphologies have been constructed for protein mimicking. These biomimicking elements can be assembled on cell membrane involved in various cellular activities, as well as be constructed as signaling networks inside cells. DNA nanotechnology provides an efficient approach to accomplish multiple functions, including signal recognition, transduction, and output. Here, we review a myriad of predominant studies on the construction of artificial cells based on DNA nanotechnology, including the morphological and functional mimic of membrane proteins, biosensors for monitoring the cellular microenvironment, and construction of DNA-based signal feedback networks. We also provide a comprehensive insight into DNA-based artificial cells, on the basis of current challenges and scientific requirements, which will prompt their reasonable designs in the future.

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基于 DNA 纳米技术的人工细胞

人造细胞已经在合成生物学中产生了许多潜在的应用，并作为研究生物现象的有用平台。随着 DNA 纳米技术的不断发展，已经构建了具有各种形态的基于 DNA 的纳米结构用于蛋白质模拟。这些仿生元件可以组装在参与各种细胞活动的细胞膜上，也可以构建为细胞内的信号网络。DNA 纳米技术提供了一种有效的方法来完成多种功能，包括信号识别、转导和输出。在这里，我们回顾了基于 DNA 纳米技术构建人工细胞的大量主要研究，包括膜蛋白的形态和功能模拟、用于监测细胞微环境的生物传感器、以及基于 DNA 的信号反馈网络的构建。我们还根据当前的挑战和科学要求对基于 DNA 的人工细胞进行了全面的了解，这将促使它们在未来进行合理的设计。