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Conceptualizing the key features of cyber‐physical systems in a multi‐layered representation for safety and security analysis
Systems Engineering ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-27 , DOI: 10.1002/sys.21509
Nelson H. Carreras Guzman 1, 2 , Morten Wied 1, 2 , Igor Kozine 1 , Mary Ann Lundteigen 2
Affiliation  

Many safety‐related systems are evolving into cyber‐physical systems (CPSs), integrating information technologies in their control architectures and modifying the interactions among automation and human operators. Particularly, a promising potential exists for enhanced efficiency and safety in applications such as autonomous transportation systems, control systems in critical infrastructures, smart manufacturing and process plants, robotics, and smart medical devices, among others. However, the modern features of CPSs are ambiguous for system designers and risk analysts, especially considering the role of humans and the interactions between safety and security. The sources of safety risks are not restricted to accidental failures and errors anymore. Indeed, cybersecurity attacks can now cascade into safety risks leading to physical harm to the system and its environment. These new challenges demand system engineers and risk analysts to understand the security vulnerabilities existing in CPS features and their dependencies with physical processes. Therefore, this paper (a) examines the key features of CPSs and their relation with other system types; (b) defines the dependencies between levels of automation and human roles in CPSs from a systems engineering perspective; and (c) applies systems thinking to describe a multi‐layered diagrammatic representation of CPSs for combined safety and security risk analysis, demonstrating an application in the maritime sector to analyze an autonomous surface vehicle.

中文翻译:

以多层表示形式概念化网络物理系统的关键功能,以进行安全性和安全性分析

许多与安全相关的系统正在演变为网络物理系统(CPS),将信息技术集成到其控制体系结构中,并修改了自动化与操作员之间的交互。特别是,在诸如自动运输系统,关键基础设施中的控制系统,智能制造和加工厂,机器人技术和智能医疗设备等应用中,提高效率和安全性存在着广阔的前景。但是,CPS的现代功能对于系统设计人员和风险分析人员来说是模棱两可的,尤其是考虑到人的角色以及安全与安保之间的相互作用。安全风险的来源不再局限于偶然的故障和错误。确实,网络安全攻击现在可以升级为安全风险,从而导致对该系统及其环境的物理伤害。这些新挑战要求系统工程师和风险分析人员了解CPS功能中存在的安全漏洞及其与物理过程的依存关系。因此,本文(a)研究了CPS的关键特征及其与其他系统类型的关系;(b)从系统工程的角度定义了CPS中自动化级别和人员角色之间的依赖关系;(c)应用系统思维来描述用于安全和保安风险综合分析的CPS的多层图解表示,展示了在海上领域分析自动地面车辆的应用。这些新挑战要求系统工程师和风险分析人员了解CPS功能中存在的安全漏洞及其与物理过程的依存关系。因此,本文(a)研究了CPS的关键特征及其与其他系统类型的关系;(b)从系统工程的角度定义了CPS中自动化级别和人员角色之间的依赖关系;(c)应用系统思维来描述用于安全和保安风险综合分析的CPS的多层图解表示,展示了在海上领域分析自动地面车辆的应用。这些新挑战要求系统工程师和风险分析人员了解CPS功能中存在的安全漏洞及其与物理过程的依存关系。因此,本文(a)研究了CPS的关键特征及其与其他系统类型的关系;(b)从系统工程的角度定义了CPS中自动化级别和人员角色之间的依赖关系;(c)应用系统思维来描述用于安全和保安风险综合分析的CPS的多层图解表示,展示了在海上领域分析自动地面车辆的应用。(b)从系统工程的角度定义了CPS中自动化级别和人员角色之间的依赖关系;(c)应用系统思维来描述用于安全和保安风险综合分析的CPS的多层图解表示,展示了在海上领域分析自动地面车辆的应用。(b)从系统工程的角度定义了CPS中自动化级别和人员角色之间的依赖关系;(c)应用系统思维来描述用于安全和保安风险综合分析的CPS的多层图解表示,展示了在海上领域分析自动地面车辆的应用。
更新日期:2019-08-27
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