This study uses service area–based coverage and various count regression methods to assess neighbourhood‐level healthy and unhealthy food environments, and food access associated with different socio‐economic groups in Edmonton, Canada. We identify three types of vulnerable neighbourhoods according to different food environments: food deserts (i.e., neighbourhoods lack sufficient access to healthy foods); food swamps (i.e., neighbourhoods have excess access to unhealthy foods); and those with overlaps of food swamps and food deserts. We also identify neighbourhoods with superior access to healthy foods (i.e., food oases). Additionally, our results from regression analyses indicate: (1) child population is negatively associated with both healthy and unhealthy food resources; (2) good access to public transportation is associated with good coverage of all healthy food outlets and convenience stores; and (3) deprived neighbourhoods with higher percentages of minority populations have better coverage of both healthy and unhealthy foods in general. The results from this study can help the City of Edmonton identify the key neighbourhoods with high potential for local business and the hotspot neighbourhoods that require particular support. Tailored strategies are proposed to effectively and efficiently improve food environments with limited resources.

中文翻译：

---

再谈邻里食物环境：当食物沙漠遇到食物沼泽时

这项研究使用了基于服务区域的覆盖率和各种计数回归方法，以评估加拿大埃德蒙顿市的社区级健康和不健康食品环境以及与不同社会经济群体相关的食品获取。我们根据食物环境的不同，确定了三种类型的脆弱社区：食物荒漠（即社区缺乏足够的健康食品）；食物沼泽（即，社区有过多获得不健康食物的机会）；以及食物沼泽和食物沙漠重叠的地区。我们还确定了拥有获得健康食品（即食物绿洲）的机会较高的社区。此外，我们的回归分析结果表明：（1）儿童人口与健康和不健康食品资源均呈负相关；（2）公共交通的便利与所有健康食品商店和便利店的良好覆盖有关；（3）少数族裔人口比例较高的贫困地区总体上对健康和不健康食品的覆盖率更高。这项研究的结果可以帮助埃德蒙顿市确定有潜力开展本地业务的关键社区和需要特殊支持的热点社区。提出了量身定制的策略，以利用有限的资源有效，高效地改善食品环境。这项研究的结果可以帮助埃德蒙顿市确定有潜力开展本地业务的关键社区以及需要特殊支持的热点社区。提出了量身定制的策略，以利用有限的资源有效，高效地改善食品环境。这项研究的结果可以帮助埃德蒙顿市确定有潜力开展本地业务的关键社区以及需要特殊支持的热点社区。提出了量身定制的策略，以利用有限的资源有效，高效地改善食品环境。