The combination effect of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) and nano‐SiO₂ on the fire behavior of intumescent flame‐retarded epoxy resins (EPs) was evaluated. The results from fire tests show that the combination of intumescent flame retardant (IFR), OMMT, and nano‐SiO₂ exerts an outstanding synergistic effect on improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of EPs. For example, the IFR‐3 sample, filled with 27 wt% IFR, 1.5 wt% OMMT, and 1.5 wt% nano‐SiO₂, achieves the limiting oxygen index value of 28.2% and passes the UL 94 V‐0 rating, and exhibits a 33.2% reduction in total heat release and 49.3% reduction in total smoke release compared to those of IFR‐0 filled with 30 wt% IFR. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis shows that the combination of IFR, OMMT, and nano‐SiO₂ shows a notable improvement in the char‐forming ability of EPs. More importantly, the combination of OMMT and nano‐SiO₂ exerts a better synergistic effect on the char‐forming and fire safety of the intumescent flame‐retarded EPs compared to the case of OMMT or nano‐SiO₂ alone. This phenomenon is ascribed to the fact that the uniform dispersions of OMMT and nano‐SiO₂ particles can facilitate the formation of a more compact and continuous intumescent char against the transmission of heat and combustible gases, thus effectively reducing the fire hazards of the EP composites.

中文翻译：

---

有机改性的蒙脱土和纳米二氧化硅的结合作用可减少膨胀型阻燃石墨的着火危险

评估了有机改性蒙脱土（OMMT）和纳米SiO ₂对膨胀型阻燃环氧树脂（EPs）的燃烧行为的影响。防火测试结果表明，膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR），OMMT和nano-SiO ₂的组合在改善EP的阻燃性和抑烟性方面发挥了显着的协同作用。例如，IFR-3样品填充了27 wt％IFR，1.5 wt％OMMT和1.5 wt％nano-SiO ₂，达到28.2％的极限氧指数值并通过UL 94 V-0等级，与填充30 wt％的IFR-0相比，总热量释放减少33.2％，总烟气释放减少49.3％ IFR。热重分析表明，IFR，OMMT和nano-SiO ₂的组合显着改善了EP的成炭能力。更重要的是，与单独使用OMMT或nano-SiO ₂相比，OMMT和nano-SiO ₂的组合对膨胀型阻燃EP的成炭和防火安全性具有更好的协同作用。这种现象归因于OMMT和纳米SiO ₂的均匀分散 颗粒可以促进形成更致密，更连续的膨胀炭，从而防止热量和可燃气体的传递，从而有效地降低了EP复合材料的着火危险。