We present an overview of hybrid Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget (FFG), a proof‐of‐stake checkpointing protocol overlaid onto Ethereum's proof‐of‐work blockchain. We describe its core functionalities and reward scheme and explore its properties. Our findings indicate that Casper's implemented incentives mechanism ensures liveness, while providing safety guarantees that improve over standard proof‐of‐work protocols. On the basis of a minimal impact implementation of the protocol as a smart contract on the blockchain, we discuss additional issues related to parametrization, funding, throughput, and network overhead and detect potential limitations.

中文翻译：

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以太坊混合Casper协议的激励措施

我们概述了混合式Casper友好结局小工具（FFG），这是一种覆盖以太坊工作量证明区块链的权益证明检查点协议。我们描述了其核心功能和奖励计划，并探讨了其性质。我们的研究结果表明，卡斯珀实施的激励机制可确保人们的生活，同时提供比标准的工作量证明协议更好的安全性保证。在将协议作为影响力最小的协议在区块链上的最小实现的基础上，我们讨论与参数化，资金，吞吐量和网络开销有关的其他问题，并检测潜在的限制。