The effect of nonylphenols (NPs) on the sediment microbial population was investigated in laboratory experiments. Adaptation of sediment microorganisms to NP contamination proceeds through the evolution of NP-tolerant populations and the reduction of stress by biodegradation of NPs. The amount of bacteria that is able to degrade NPs in contaminated sediments was positively correlated with the total heterotrophic bacteria counts, indicating that the pattern of change was associated with NPs. The disappearance of NPs from the sediments by microbial degradation demonstrated a half-life of 43–71 days. NP contamination resulted in decreased sediment microbial diversity. A decrease in both the Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index together with an increase in Simpson's dominance index were common change patterns observed across NP-contaminated sediment samples. The observed changes in microbial diversity were sustainable. There was a very slow re-establishment of the original diversity, particularly in the fungal community of NP-contaminated sediments.

中文翻译：

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壬基酚污染引起的波罗的海沿岸沉积物微生物群变化

在实验室实验中研究了壬基酚 (NPs) 对沉积物微生物种群的影响。沉积物微生物对 NP 污染的适应是通过耐 NP 种群的进化和通过 NP 生物降解来减轻压力而进行的。能够降解受污染沉积物中纳米颗粒的细菌数量与异养细菌总数呈正相关，表明变化模式与纳米颗粒有关。纳米颗粒通过微生物降解从沉积物中消失，表明其半衰期为 43-71 天。NP 污染导致沉积物微生物多样性降低。Shannon 多样性指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数均下降，而 Simpson' 则增加 s 优势指数是在 NP 污染的沉积物样品中观察到的常见变化模式。观察到的微生物多样性变化是可持续的。原始多样性的重建非常缓慢，特别是在 NP 污染沉积物的真菌群落中。