Acceleration manoeuvres in free flight in nature of five damselfly (Zygoptera) and four dragonfly (Anisoptera) species were analysed by means of slow motion filming. Changes in stroke frequencies, stroke angles, stroke directions, angles of inclination of the wings, and the phase-relationship of fore- and hindwings were recorded during acceleration. Damselflies and dragonflies showed similar actions. In rapid acceleration, a shifting of the relationship of the two wing pairs to in-phase stroking and the use of highly inclined wings in the stroke direction opposite to the flight direction can be seen. Slow backward flight was done by phase-shifted stroking, fast backward flight by in-phase stroking. The downstrokes in slow and fast backward flight were quicker than the upstrokes. When fleeing from frogs, dragonflies show extreme flight action: all stroke phases were in-phase and the stroke phases directed toward the frog were very fast and highly inclined. Distances covered per stroke, non-dimensional flight velocities and acceleration are compared and discussed.

中文翻译：

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Odonata 飞行中的快速加速：高度倾斜和同相拍打

通过慢动作拍摄分析了五种豆娘 (Zygoptera) 和四种蜻蜓 (Anisoptera) 在自然界中自由飞行的加速动作。在加速过程中记录了行程频率、行程角度、行程方向、机翼倾斜角度以及前后翼相位关系的变化。豆娘和蜻蜓表现出类似的行为。在快速加速中，可以看到两个机翼对的关系转变为同相冲程，并且可以看到在与飞行方向相反的冲程方向上使用高度倾斜的机翼。慢速后退采用移相抚摸，快后退采用同相抚摸。慢速和快速向后飞行的下冲程比上冲程更快。蜻蜓在躲避青蛙时表现出极端的飞行动作：所有的划水阶段都是同相的，针对青蛙的划水阶段非常快且高度倾斜。比较和讨论了每次冲程覆盖的距离、无量纲飞行速度和加速度。