Abstract Domestic turkey production generally utilises only a few genetically improved lines, and local breeds are severely endangered as a result. Furthermore, the genetic resources of domestic turkeys have not been properly investigated, which could, ultimately, lead to the extinction of local breeds and negatively affect their corresponding genetic diversity and environmental adaptation. Although, several microsatellite markers have been designed for mapping and quantitative trait locus analysis, there is no standard panel of markers for genetic characterisation or genetic diversity assessment. Accordingly, the present study aimed to develop a set of polymorphic microsatellite markers that could be used for international turkey population studies. Thirty-nine microsatellites were selected based on polymorphism, DNA sequence and chromosome position, as well as on amplification efficiency, success rate and the absence of nonspecific amplification. The markers were screened using 105 DNA samples from local turkey breeds from Mexico, the United States, Italy, Brazil, Egypt and Spain. A total of 401 alleles were identified, with a mean number of alleles per marker of 10.28 ± 4.25. All microsatellites were polymorphic, with at least four alleles and no more than 19 alleles. Furthermore, allelic richness ranged from 3.810 to 17.985, mean heterozygosity ranged from 0.452 ± 0.229 to 0.667 ± 0.265, polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.213 (MNT264) to 0.850 (RHT0024) and the mean Fis value was 0.322. Overall, the panel was highly polymorphic and exhibited moderate Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium, thereby indicating its value as a tool for biodiversity and population structure studies that could play an important role in promoting the conservation of local turkey breeds. Highlights Important genetic resources reside within indigenous turkey populations. These are linked to historic heritage production values and breeds. It is important to preserve this heritage and genetic diversity, which threatens to be lost as production systems focus on production characteristics. Microsatellite markers, even though, they are now replaced by single nucleotide polymorphism automatic genotyping platforms in many fields of genetics, remain a viable alternative thanks to their cheapness and simplicity of study which makes them particularly useful when the population to be studied lacks information of the prior genetic structure.

中文翻译：

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用于家火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo）遗传特征和多样性评估的多重微卫星面板的设计和开发

摘要 国内火鸡生产一般只使用少数基因改良品系，因此当地品种受到严重威胁。此外，国内火鸡的遗传资源没有得到适当的调查，最终可能导致当地品种的灭绝，并对它们相应的遗传多样性和环境适应产生负面影响。尽管已经设计了几种微卫星标记用于作图和数量性状基因座分析，但没有用于遗传表征或遗传多样性评估的标准标记组。因此，本研究旨在开发一套可用于国际火鸡种群研究的多态微卫星标记。根据多态性筛选出39颗微卫星，DNA 序列和染色体位置，以及扩增效率、成功率和非特异性扩增的缺失。使用来自墨西哥、美国、意大利、巴西、埃及和西班牙的当地火鸡品种的 105 个 DNA 样本对标记进行了筛选。共鉴定了 401 个等位基因，每个标记的等位基因平均数为 10.28 ± 4.25。所有微卫星都是多态的，至少有4个等位基因，不超过19个等位基因。此外，等位基因丰富度范围为 3.810 至 17.985，平均杂合度范围为 0.452 ± 0.229 至 0.667 ± 0.265，多态信息含量值范围为 0.213 (MNT264) 至 0.850 (RHT0024)，平均值为 总体而言，该面板具有高度的多态性，并表现出适度的 Hardy-Weinberg 不平衡，从而表明其作为生物多样性和种群结构研究工具的价值，可以在促进保护当地火鸡品种方面发挥重要作用。重点 重要的遗传资源存在于土着火鸡种群中。这些与历史遗产生产价值和品种有关。保护这种遗产和遗传多样性很重要，随着生产系统关注生产特性，这些遗产和遗传多样性可能会消失。尽管微卫星标记现在在遗传学的许多领域被单核苷酸多态性自动基因分型平台所取代，但由于其廉价和研究简单，它们仍然是一种可行的替代方案，这使得它们在要研究的人群缺乏信息时特别有用。先验遗传结构。