ABSTRACT Pest mites that survive the exposure of acaricides can suffer from sublethal effects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of the ovicidal, repellent, and residual effects as well as instantaneous population growth rate (ri), of A. squamosa hexane extract and microencapsulation of A. squamosa seeds to Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae). The microencapsulation in LC99 had the lowest egg viability at 7.50 ± 2.70%. The repellent effect was observed from LC95 and LC50 for extract and microencapsulation, respectively. The instantaneous rate of population growth for both products decreased with increasing concentrations. Efficient residual effect was observed for LC99 up to 8 and 15 days after spraying (DAS), for the microencapsulation and extract, respectively, in greenhouse. For the field experiments 1 and 2, the microencapsulation at LC99 was efficient up to 6 and 9 DAS, respectively, and the hexane extract until 7 and 10 DAS. Thus, A. squamosa hexane extract and the microencapsulation extract cause sublethal effects to T. urticae and can be used to manage this pest.

中文翻译：

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正己烷提取物和微囊化番荔枝（番荔枝科）种子对叶螨科的致死和亚致死作用（科赫，1836 年）（Acari：Tetranychidae）

摘要 暴露在杀螨剂中存活下来的害虫会受到亚致死效应的影响。这项工作的目的是评估 A.squamosa 己烷提取物和 A.squamosa 种子的微囊对叶螨（Koch， 1836）（螨：叶螨科）。LC99 中的微胶囊具有最低的卵活力，为 7.50 ± 2.70%。分别从 LC95 和 LC50 的提取物和微胶囊中观察到驱虫效果。两种产品的瞬时种群增长率随着浓度的增加而降低。对于温室中的微囊化和提取物，在喷雾 (DAS) 后长达 8 天和 15 天，观察到 LC99 的有效残留效应。对于现场实验 1 和 2，LC99 的微胶囊化分别有效达 6 和 9 DAS，而己烷提取有效达 7 和 10 DAS。因此，A.squamosa 己烷提取物和微囊提取物对 T. urticae 产生亚致死作用，可用于防治这种害虫。