ABSTRACT To eradicate financial fraud, governments encourage the digitization of financial transactions, which is also reinforced by the digital economy paradigm. Recently, there has been an exponential increase in the number of e-transactions, and the incidence of cyber crimes related to online transaction fraud has also been increasing. To prevent online transaction fraud, the stakeholders of financial-transaction-related companies have implemented various secured authentication and authorization practices at all levels. In this paper, an additional factor for secure authentication for online transactions has been proposed. A third authentication factor, in addition to Personal Identification Number (PIN) and one time password (OTP), has been proposed, which is based on the global positioning system (GPS) location of the user who initiates the transaction. The strategy is to approve / decline the transaction based on a specified distance constraint between the transaction device and the user’s mobile device; this distance is used as an additional authentication factor (third factor) to verify the online transaction. The main objective of this study is to prevent fraudsters from performing online transactions from devices that do not belong to the user and are not currently in the possession of the user. The simulation results show that a high detection rate, i.e., 98.55%, is obtained using the proposed method.

中文翻译：

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在在线交易中实现安全身份验证的附加因素

摘要 为了消除金融欺诈，政府鼓励金融交易的数字化，这也得到了数字经济范式的加强。近期，电子交易数量呈指数级增长，与在线交易欺诈相关的网络犯罪案件也呈上升趋势。为防止网络交易欺诈，金融交易相关公司的利益相关者在各个层面实施了各种安全认证和授权实践。在本文中，提出了在线交易安全认证的附加因素。除了个人识别码 (PIN) 和一次性密码 (OTP) 之外，还提出了第三种身份验证因素，它基于发起交易的用户的全球定位系统 (GPS) 位置。该策略是基于交易设备和用户移动设备之间指定的距离约束来批准/拒绝交易；这个距离被用作额外的认证因素（第三个因素）来验证在线交易。本研究的主要目的是防止欺诈者从不属于用户且当前未由用户拥有的设备进行在线交易。仿真结果表明，使用该方法获得了较高的检测率，即98.55%。这个距离被用作额外的认证因素（第三个因素）来验证在线交易。本研究的主要目的是防止欺诈者从不属于用户且当前未由用户拥有的设备进行在线交易。仿真结果表明，使用所提出的方法获得了很高的检测率，即98.55%。这个距离被用作额外的认证因素（第三个因素）来验证在线交易。本研究的主要目的是防止欺诈者从不属于用户且当前未由用户拥有的设备进行在线交易。仿真结果表明，使用该方法获得了较高的检测率，即98.55%。