Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify key genes and molecular biological processes that are responsive to CO2 enrichment in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Tomato plants were exposed to CO2 concentrations of either 350–500 μmol/mol (ambient) or 750–850 μmol/mol, and genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) in the two groups were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were then used to identify DEGs involved in photosynthesis and sugar synthesis. As a result, a total of 208 DEGs, including 179 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated genes, were identified. GO functional annotation revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the processes of photosystem I, photosystem II, photosynthesis phosphate ion binding, and electron carrier activity, whereas the KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in 21 signalling pathways, including plant hormone signal transduction, RNA polymerase, ribosomes and photosynthesis. A total of 62 DEGs, including Solyc12g032970.1, Solyc12g032960.1, Solyc07g043480.1 and Solyc02g086650.2, were associated with photosynthesis and sugar synthesis. The present study provides a basis for investigating the effects of elevated CO2 on the molecular processes of tomato, which will, in turn, provide a theoretical basis for tomato breeding programs.

中文翻译：

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在不同 CO2 浓度下生长的番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum) 植物中差异表达的光合作用和糖合成相关基因的鉴定

摘要 本研究的目的是确定对番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 中 CO2 富集有反应的关键基因和分子生物学过程。番茄植株暴露于浓度为 350–500 μmol/mol（环境）或 750–850 μmol/mol 的 CO2 中，并鉴定出两组中差异表达（DEG）的基因。然后使用基因本体论 (GO) 和京都基因和基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 途径富集分析来鉴定参与光合作用和糖合成的 DEG。结果，共鉴定出 208 个 DEG，包括 179 个上调基因和 29 个下调基因。GO功能注释显示DEGs主要在光系统I、光系统II、光合作用磷酸根离子结合和电子载体活性过程中富集，而KEGG通路分析表明，DEGs主要富含21条信号通路，包括植物激素信号转导、RNA聚合酶、核糖体和光合作用。共有 62 个 DEG，包括 Solyc12g032970.1、Solyc12g032960.1、Solyc07g043480.1 和 Solyc02g086650.2，与光合作用和糖合成有关。本研究为研究二氧化碳升高对番茄分子过程的影响提供了基础，进而为番茄育种计划提供了理论基础。与光合作用和糖合成有关。本研究为研究二氧化碳升高对番茄分子过程的影响提供了基础，进而为番茄育种计划提供了理论基础。与光合作用和糖合成有关。本研究为研究二氧化碳升高对番茄分子过程的影响提供了基础，进而为番茄育种计划提供了理论基础。