Bean, L. B. & Arratia, G., 4 October 2019. Anatomical revision of the Australian teleosts Cavenderichthys talbragarensis and Waldmanichthys koonwarri impacting on previous phylogenetic interpretations of teleostean relationships. Alcheringa 44, 121–159. ISSN 0311-5518. Australia has two important sites for Mesozoic fishes. The Talbragar Fossil Fish Bed in New South Wales is a Tithonian freshwater lake deposit containing the iconic form Cavenderichthys talbragarensis, first described in 1895. The Koonwarra Fossil Bed in Victoria is an Albian freshwater lake deposit containing Waldmanichthys koonwarri, first described in 1971. Following the tradition of the time, both species were first ascribed to the historic genus Leptolepis. In 2015, these two species were placed into a newly erected family, Luisiellidae, with the Oxfordian–Tithonian fish Luisiella feruglioi from the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation in Chubut, Argentinian Patagonia. This new family was interpreted as a stem teleost group, closer to Leptolepis coryphaenoides than to the crown-group Teleostei, a contrary hypothesis to previous interpretations that placed Cavenderichthys as a teleost incertae sedis in the crown Teleostei. This paper re-examines the morphological characters of the Australian taxa, including 46 previously undescribed specimens of W. koonwarri, from Museum Victoria. Some of the new characters include the special configuration of the jaws and the position of the quadrate-mandibular articulation; the special vertebral pattern at the level of the abdominal/caudal regions; a stegural-like uroneural in the caudal skeleton; and the structure of the scales. Finding the new characters in Waldmanichthys called for reappraisals of the morphology of Cavenderichthys and Luisiella. In the case of Cavenderichthys, 34 specimens were re-examined, but for specimens of Luisiella, a conservative approach was followed, based on its last morphological description as well as photographs taken more recently. The systematic position of the three Gondwanan taxa was re-evaluated using a pre-existing data matrix including 240 characters and 56 taxa. The new results give a very different scenario, with the three taxa now included in the crown-group Teleostei. The family Luisiellidae is restricted to its type species L. feruglioi. The two Australian fish genera cluster together with the Late Jurassic European genera Leptolepides and Orthogonikleithrus and are now ascribed to the family Orthogonikleithridae. The new results suggest that the three Gondwanan genera are stem taxa to the Osteoglossocephala (osteoglosomorphs plus more advanced teleosts), and their combination of morphological characters has a major effect on the interpretation of basal euteleosts, questioning some previous interpretations, as for instance, the homology of the stegural as an euteleostean character. Lynne B. Bean* [lynne.bean@anu.edu.au], Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Acton 2001, Australia; Gloria Arratia [garratia@ku.edu], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Dyche Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚硬骨鱼类 Cavenderichthys talbragarensis 和 Waldmanichthys koonwarri 的解剖学修订对之前对硬骨鱼类关系的系统发育解释的影响

Bean, LB 和 Arratia, G.，2019 年 10 月 4 日。澳大利亚硬骨鱼类 Cavenderichthys talbragarensis 和 Waldmanichthys koonwarri 的解剖学修订对之前对硬骨鱼类关系的系统发育解释的影响。阿尔切林加 44, 121–159。ISSN 0311-5518。澳大利亚有两个重要的中生代鱼类栖息地。新南威尔士州的 Talbragar Fossil Fish Bed 是一个 Tithonian 淡水湖矿床，包含标志性形式 Cavenderichthys talbragarensis，于 1895 年首次被描述。维多利亚的 Koonwarra Fossil Bed 是一个包含 Waldmanichthys koonwarri 的阿尔比亚淡水湖矿床，于 1971 年首次被描述。继根据当时的传统，这两个物种首先被归于历史悠久的钩端鱼属。2015 年，这两个物种被归入一个新建立的科 Luisiellidae，与来自阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚丘布特的 Cañadón Calcáreo 地层的牛津-提通鱼 Luisiella feruglioi。这个新科被解释为一个硬骨鱼科，更接近 Leptolepis coryphaenoides，而不是冠组 Teleostei，这与先前将 Cavenderichthys 作为硬骨鱼冠中的一种硬骨鱼的解释相反。本文重新审视了澳大利亚分类群的形态特征，包括来自维多利亚博物馆的 46 个以前未描述的 W. koonwarri 标本。一些新特征包括下颌的特殊构造和下颌方关节的位置；腹部/尾部区域水平的特殊脊椎图案；尾骨中的类似 stegural 的 uroneural；和秤的结构。在 Waldmanichthys 中发现新特征需要重新评估 Cavenderichthys 和 Luisiella 的形态。在 Cavenderichthys 的情况下，重新检查了 34 个标本，但对于 Luisiella 的标本，根据其最后的形态描述和最近拍摄的照片，采用了保守的方法。使用包括 240 个字符和 56 个分类群的预先存在的数据矩阵重新评估了三个冈瓦纳分类群的系统位置。新结果给出了一个非常不同的场景，三个分类群现在包含在冠群 Teleostei 中。Luisiellidae 科仅限于其模式物种 L. feruglioi。这两个澳大利亚鱼类属与晚侏罗世欧洲鱼属 Leptolepides 和 Orthogonikleithrus 聚集在一起，现在归于 Orthogonikleithridae 科。新的结果表明，这三个冈瓦纳属是骨舌鱼（骨舌形加更高级的硬骨）的茎类群，它们的形态特征组合对基础真骨鱼的解释有重大影响，质疑一些先前的解释，例如， stegural 的同源性作为 euteleostean 字符。Lynne B. Bean* [lynne.bean@anu.edu.au]，澳大利亚国立大学地球科学研究学院，澳大利亚阿克顿，2001 年；Gloria Arratia [garratia@ku.edu]，堪萨斯大学生态与进化生物学系和生物多样性研究所，Dyche Hall，劳伦斯，KS 66045，美国。并且它们的形态特征组合对 basal euteleosts 的解释有重大影响，质疑了一些先前的解释，例如，stegural 作为 euteleostean 字符的同源性。Lynne B. Bean* [lynne.bean@anu.edu.au]，澳大利亚国立大学地球科学研究学院，澳大利亚阿克顿，2001 年；Gloria Arratia [garratia@ku.edu]，堪萨斯大学生态与进化生物学系和生物多样性研究所，Dyche Hall，劳伦斯，KS 66045，美国。并且它们的形态特征组合对 basal euteleosts 的解释有重大影响，质疑了一些先前的解释，例如，stegural 作为 euteleostean 字符的同源性。Lynne B. Bean* [lynne.bean@anu.edu.au]，澳大利亚国立大学地球科学研究学院，澳大利亚阿克顿，2001 年；Gloria Arratia [garratia@ku.edu]，堪萨斯大学生态与进化生物学系和生物多样性研究所，Dyche Hall，劳伦斯，KS 66045，美国。