In the context of a numerical study about mid-infrared receivers based on a metal–insulator–metal junction, we study how a top multilayer of graphene is capable to remove heat from the thin metal layer in which the laser impinges on. Due to its extremely high thermal conductivity, the graphene film (made of several layers) extracts the heat and injects it inside bulky lateral metal paddings of the receiver. Therefore, the lateral metal contacts not only detect the electromagnetic field transforming it into a current through this quantum diode, but they can also help to drain the heat. A metal–insulator–metal junction, which combines Kretschmann illumination and a distributed light on the junction (or are illuminated through a grating), allows introducing the electromagnetic field into the junction, biasing in this manner the insulator all along its entire length. The main challenge is the relationship between the insulator thickness and the electromagnetic wavelength. In the mid-infrared region, the insulator thickness of a few nanometers is several orders of magnitude under the diffraction limit, and the electromagnetic field cannot penetrate directly into the structure. In this way, the described technique delivers the infrared radiation into the junction by means of surface-plasmon-polariton traveling wave (SPP-TW). Therefore, a right illumination improves the diode responsivity considerably. However, rectification demands an extremely asymmetrical current–voltage curve. A layered metal–graphene–insulator–metal makes this feasible especially when an SPP-TW, between the graphene and the insulator, establishes a Seebeck effect resulting in the desired asymmetric characteristic. When sampling, the rectified direct tunneling current is desirable to avoid thermionic emission (inherently slow), as well as to induce the SPP-TW in a better form from the outside of the junction. A cooling mechanism that preserves a high electric conductivity on the top metal contact is required. In this theoretical work, we performed a simulation study of how a sheet of graphene is able to enhance the thermal behavior of the receiver under study.

中文翻译：

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基于 G-MGIM 结的太赫兹量子二极管石墨烯散热器的数值研究

在对基于金属-绝缘体-金属结的中红外接收器进行数值研究的背景下，我们研究了石墨烯的顶层多层如何能够从激光撞击的薄金属层中去除热量。由于其极高的导热性，石墨烯薄膜（由多层组成）提取热量并将其注入接收器的庞大横向金属衬垫内。因此，横向金属触点不仅可以检测电磁场，将其转换为通过这个量子二极管的电流，而且还可以帮助散热。金属-绝缘体-金属结，结合 Kretschmann 照明和结上的分布式光（或通过光栅照射），允许将电磁场引入结，以这种方式在绝缘体的整个长度上偏置。主要挑战是绝缘体厚度与电磁波长之间的关系。在中红外区域，几纳米的绝缘体厚度在衍射极限下是几个数量级，电磁场无法直接穿透结构。这样，所描述的技术通过表面等离子体极化子行波 (SPP-TW) 将红外辐射传递到结中。因此，正确的照明可显着提高二极管的响应度。然而，整流需要极不对称的电流-电压曲线。分层的金属-石墨烯-绝缘体-金属使这成为可能，尤其是当石墨烯和绝缘体之间的 SPP-TW 时，建立了导致所需不对称特性的塞贝克效应。采样时，需要整流的直接隧道电流以避免热电子发射（固有缓慢），以及从结的外部以更好的形式诱导 SPP-TW。需要一种在顶部金属触点上保持高导电性的冷却机制。在这项理论工作中，我们对一片石墨烯如何增强所研究的接收器的热行为进行了模拟研究。需要一种在顶部金属触点上保持高导电性的冷却机制。在这项理论工作中，我们对一片石墨烯如何增强所研究的接收器的热行为进行了模拟研究。需要一种在顶部金属触点上保持高导电性的冷却机制。在这项理论工作中，我们对一片石墨烯如何增强所研究的接收器的热行为进行了模拟研究。