Gigahertz-Peaked spectrum (GPS) sources are compact active galactic nuclei, presumably young precursors of bright radio sources. The study of GPS radio properties provides information about the features of synchrotron radiation in extragalactic sources. Also in applied research, GPS sources are useful as compact stationary radio sources in the sky for astrometric purposes. This paper presents the results of a multifrequency GPS study based on quasi-simultaneous measurements with the RATAN-600 radio telescope during the 2006–2017 period. A catalog of GPS spectral flux densities at six frequencies—1.1, 2.3, 4.8, 7.7/8.2, 11.2, and 21.7 GHz—is obtained. In addition, for the analysis of radio spectra, data from low-frequency surveysGLEAM(GaLactic and Extragalactic AllskyMurchisonwidefield array survey) and TGSS (Tata institute for fundamental research GMRT Sky Survey) and high-frequency measurements from Planck survey are used. A total number of 164 GPS and candidates have been identified (17 of them are new discoveries), which makes up a small fraction of GPS in the initial sample of bright AGNs—about 2%. The physical properties and formation conditions of synchrotron radiation is found to be quite different in GPS of different AGNs types. The deficit of distant GPS (z > 2) with low maximum frequencies (less than 1 GHz) has been confirmed. The existing “size–peak frequency” anticorrelation is continuous. The continuum radio spectra are found to become statistically steeper with increasing redshift.

中文翻译：

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GHz频谱源的多频研究

千兆赫峰值频谱（GPS）源是紧凑的活动星系核，可能是明亮无线电源的年轻前兆。GPS无线电特性的研究提供了有关银河外源中同步加速器辐射特征的信息。同样在应用研究中，GPS源可用作天体测量目的的空中紧凑型固定无线电源。本文介绍了基于RATAN-600射电望远镜在2006-2017年期间进行准同时测量的多频GPS研究的结果。获得了六个频率（1.1、2.3、4.8、7.7 / 8.2、11.2和21.7 GHz）的GPS频谱通量密度的目录。此外，为了分析无线电频谱，低频测量的数据使用了GLEAM（银河系和银河系外的AllskyMurchison宽场阵列测量）和TGSS（塔塔基础研究机构GMRT天空测量）以及普朗克测量的高频测量。总共确定了164个GPS和候选者（其中17个是新发现），在明亮的AGNs初始样本中占GPS的一小部分，约为2％。发现在不同AGNs类型的GPS中，同步加速器辐射的物理特性和形成条件完全不同。远程GPS的不足之处（发现在不同AGNs类型的GPS中，同步加速器辐射的物理特性和形成条件完全不同。远程GPS的不足之处（发现在不同AGN类型的GPS中，同步加速器辐射的物理特性和形成条件完全不同。远程GPS的不足之处（已确认最大频率较低（小于1 GHz）的z > 2）。现有的“大小峰频率”反相关是连续的。发现连续谱随着红移的增加在统计上变得更加陡峭。