In view of the negative results from various dark matter detection experiments, we propose alternate models by postulating a minimal field strength (minimal curvature) and also a minimal acceleration. These postulates lead to modified Newtonian dynamics, modified Newtonian gravity, and modified relativistic gravity. Through these postulates, we show that the observed flat rotation curves of galaxies can be accounted for. This can also set constraints on the size of large scale structures such as galaxies and clusters, which are consistent with observations. This minimum curvature in general relativity, and consequently the modification of the Hilbert action leads naturally to a term equivalent to cosmological constant. This model thus neatly ties up, with these two postulates: the observed flat rotation curves and the accelerated expansion of the universe.

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MOND、MONG、MORG 作为暗物质和暗能量的替代品，以及对宇宙结构的影响

鉴于各种暗物质检测实验的负面结果，我们通过假设最小场强（最小曲率）和最小加速度来提出替代模型。这些假设导致了修正的牛顿动力学、修正的牛顿引力和修正的相对论引力。通过这些假设，我们表明可以解释观察到的星系平坦旋转曲线。这也可以对与观测一致的星系和星团等大尺度结构的大小设置约束。广义相对论中的这个最小曲率以及希尔伯特作用的修正自然会导致一个等价于宇宙常数的项。因此，该模型与以下两个假设巧妙地联系在一起：