The aim of this study is to explore whether aspects of the physical work environment cause employee cyberloafing, which is defined as employee misuse of the company’s Internet connection for personal purposes. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, the paper proposes that perceived crowding arises as a result of scarce physical space resources, which lead employees to engage in cyberloafing through feelings of stress and emotional conflict, as well as through their experiences of lack of trust and compassion at work. Data were collected from 299 respondents working in open offices at four Iranian IT-based companies in Tehran. Structural equation modelling results showed a significant positive association between crowding and cyberloafing, stress, and emotional conflict, while there was a negative association with trust, and compassion. Only trust and compassion mediated the relationship between crowding and cyberloafing. Findings suggest that crowding is certainly an unlisted cause of cyberloafing and, hence, that not only psychosocial but also physical arrangements at work need to be taken into consideration to guard against its emergence.

中文翻译：

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伊朗 IT 公司开放式办公室中感知到的拥挤和网络闲散之间的关系

本研究的目的是探索物理工作环境的各个方面是否会导致员工网络闲散，这被定义为员工出于个人目的滥用公司的互联网连接。借鉴资源节约理论，本文提出感知拥挤是物理空间资源稀缺的结果，导致员工通过压力感和情绪冲突以及缺乏信任和同情心的经历而从事网络闲逛。在工作。数据来自在德黑兰的四家伊朗 IT 公司的开放式办公室工作的 299 名受访者。结构方程模型结果显示拥挤和网络闲散、压力和情绪冲突之间存在显着的正相关，而与信任和同情心之间存在负相关。只有信任和同情才能调节拥挤和网络闲散之间的关系。调查结果表明，拥挤肯定是网络闲散的一个未列出的原因，因此，不仅需要考虑社会心理因素，还需要考虑工作中的身体安排，以防止其出现。