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Diversity and copper resistance of Xanthomonas affecting citrus
Tropical Plant Pathology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s40858-020-00340-1
Franklin Behlau , Alberto M. Gochez , Jeffrey B. Jones

Since citrus canker was first described in the early 1900’s, four major types and three species of pathogenic xanthomonads associated to citrus were identified based on the characteristic symptoms and host range. Type A, caused by X. citri subsp. citri, develops typical raised cankered lesions and is pathogenic on most commercial citrus species and cultivars. Types B and C are caused by X. citri pv. aurantifolii which elicits canker lesions. Besides the typical type A, the more aggressive and most widely spread type, other subtypes have been described, such as type A*, type Aw, type A-Manatee, type A-Miami, type A-minus pthA, and type-A etrog. The type B strains are found only in Argentina and are more pathogenic on lemon and less aggressive on sweet orange, tangerines and grapefruit. The type C strains are found only in Brazil and are pathogenic only on Key lime. X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis, formerly known as type E, causes citrus bacterial spot and is more aggressive on trifoliate citrus and its hybrids. Lesions caused by citrus bacterial spot are flat or sunken and not raised. Several subtypes of X. citri subsp. citri have also been identified. Besides the differences in pathogenicity, xanthomonads may also vary in their sensitivity to copper. Copper resistance has been reported for strains of X. citri subsp. citri and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis and is conferred by the gene clusters copLAB or copABCD. Resistance to copper has serious implications for the use of copper-based bactericides, which are the most important chemicals for the control of diseases caused by Xanthomonas on citrus.

中文翻译:

影响柑橘的黄单胞菌的多样性和铜抗性

自 1900 年代初首次描述柑橘溃疡病以来,根据特征症状和宿主范围确定了与柑橘相关的四种主要类型和三种病原性黄单胞菌。A 型,由 X. citri subsp. 引起。citri,会出现典型的凸起溃疡病灶,并且对大多数商业柑橘品种和栽培品种具有致病性。B 型和 C 型是由 X. citri pv 引起的。aurantifolii 引起溃疡病灶。除了典型的 A 型、更具攻击性和分布最广的类型外,还描述了其他亚型,例如 A* 型、Aw 型、A-海牛型、A-迈阿密型、A-减 pthA 型和 A 型等。B 型菌株仅在阿根廷发现,对柠檬的致病性更强,对甜橙、橘子和葡萄柚的侵袭性较小。C 型菌株仅在巴西发现并且仅在酸橙上具有致病性。X. 苜蓿亚种 citrumelonis,以前称为 E 型,引起柑橘细菌性斑点病,对三叶柑橘及其杂交种更具攻击性。柑橘类菌斑引起的病斑呈扁平状或凹陷状,不凸起。X. citri subsp. 的几个亚型。citri 也已被确定。除了致病性的差异外,黄单胞菌对铜的敏感性也可能不同。已经报道了柑橘属植物 X. citri subsp. 菌株的铜抗性。citri 和 X. alfalfae subsp。citrumelonis,由基因簇 copLAB 或 copABCD 赋予。对铜的抗性对铜基杀菌剂的使用具有严重影响,铜基杀菌剂是控制由黄单胞菌对柑橘引起的疾病的最重要化学品。苜蓿亚种 citrumelonis,以前称为 E 型,引起柑橘细菌性斑点病,对三叶柑橘及其杂交种更具攻击性。柑橘类菌斑引起的病斑呈扁平状或凹陷状,不凸起。X. citri subsp. 的几个亚型。citri 也已被确定。除了致病性的差异外,黄单胞菌对铜的敏感性也可能不同。已经报道了柑橘属植物 X. citri subsp. 菌株的铜抗性。citri 和 X. alfalfae subsp。citrumelonis,由基因簇 copLAB 或 copABCD 赋予。对铜的抗性对铜基杀菌剂的使用具有严重影响,铜基杀菌剂是控制由黄单胞菌对柑橘引起的疾病的最重要化学品。苜蓿亚种 citrumelonis,以前称为 E 型,引起柑橘细菌性斑点病,对三叶柑橘及其杂交种更具攻击性。柑橘类菌斑引起的病斑呈扁平状或凹陷状,不凸起。X. citri subsp. 的几个亚型。citri 也已被确定。除了致病性的差异外,黄单胞菌对铜的敏感性也可能不同。已经报道了柑橘属植物 X. citri subsp. 菌株的铜抗性。citri 和 X. alfalfae subsp。citrumelonis,由基因簇 copLAB 或 copABCD 赋予。对铜的抗性对铜基杀菌剂的使用具有严重影响,铜基杀菌剂是控制由黄单胞菌对柑橘引起的疾病的最重要化学品。引起柑橘细菌斑,对三叶柑橘及其杂交种更具攻击性。柑橘类菌斑引起的病斑呈扁平状或凹陷状,不凸起。X. citri subsp. 的几个亚型。citri 也已被确定。除了致病性的差异外,黄单胞菌对铜的敏感性也可能不同。已经报道了柑橘葡萄球菌亚种菌株的铜抗性。citri 和 X. alfalfae subsp。citrumelonis,由基因簇 copLAB 或 copABCD 赋予。对铜的抗性对铜基杀菌剂的使用具有严重影响,铜基杀菌剂是控制柑橘黄单胞菌引起的疾病的最重要化学品。引起柑橘细菌斑,对三叶柑橘及其杂交种更具攻击性。柑橘类菌斑引起的病斑呈扁平状或凹陷状,不凸起。X. citri subsp. 的几个亚型。citri 也已被确定。除了致病性的差异外,黄单胞菌对铜的敏感性也可能不同。已经报道了柑橘属植物 X. citri subsp. 菌株的铜抗性。citri 和 X. alfalfae subsp。citrumelonis,由基因簇 copLAB 或 copABCD 赋予。对铜的抗性对铜基杀菌剂的使用具有严重影响,铜基杀菌剂是控制由黄单胞菌对柑橘引起的疾病的最重要化学品。除了致病性的差异外,黄单胞菌对铜的敏感性也可能不同。已经报道了柑橘属植物 X. citri subsp. 菌株的铜抗性。citri 和 X. alfalfae subsp。citrumelonis,由基因簇 copLAB 或 copABCD 赋予。对铜的抗性对铜基杀菌剂的使用具有严重影响,铜基杀菌剂是控制柑橘黄单胞菌引起的疾病的最重要化学品。除了致病性的差异外,黄单胞菌对铜的敏感性也可能不同。已经报道了柑橘属植物 X. citri subsp. 菌株的铜抗性。citri 和 X. alfalfae subsp。citrumelonis,由基因簇 copLAB 或 copABCD 赋予。对铜的抗性对铜基杀菌剂的使用具有严重影响,铜基杀菌剂是控制由黄单胞菌对柑橘引起的疾病的最重要化学品。
更新日期:2020-03-31
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