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Maternal cannibalism in two populations of wild chimpanzees
Primates ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00765-6
Pawel Fedurek , Patrick Tkaczynski , Caroline Asiimwe , Catherine Hobaiter , Liran Samuni , Adriana E. Lowe , Appolinaire Gnahe Dijrian , Klaus Zuberbühler , Roman M. Wittig , Catherine Crockford

Maternal cannibalism has been reported in several animal taxa, prompting speculations that the behavior may be part of an evolved strategy. In chimpanzees, however, maternal cannibalism has been conspicuously absent, despite high levels of infant mortality and reports of non-maternal cannibalism. The typical response of chimpanzee mothers is to abandon their deceased infant, sometimes after prolonged periods of carrying and grooming the corpse. Here, we report two anomalous observations of maternal cannibalism in communities of wild chimpanzees in Uganda and Ivory Coast and discuss the evolutionary implications. Both infants likely died under different circumstances; one apparently as a result of premature birth, the other possibly as a result of infanticide. In both cases, the mothers consumed parts of the corpse and participated in meat sharing with other group members. Neither female presented any apparent signs of ill health before or after the events. We concluded that, in both cases, cannibalizing the infant was unlikely due to health-related issues by the mothers. We discuss these observations against a background of chimpanzee mothers consistently refraining from maternal cannibalism, despite ample opportunities and nutritional advantages. We conclude that maternal cannibalism is extremely rare in this primate, likely due to early and strong mother–offspring bond formation, which may have been profoundly disrupted in the current cases.

中文翻译:

两个野生黑猩猩种群的母体同类相食

几种动物分类群中已经报道了母体同类相食,这促使人们猜测这种行为可能是进化策略的一部分。然而,在黑猩猩中,尽管婴儿死亡率很高,并且有非母体自相残杀的报道,但母体自相残杀的情况明显不存在。黑猩猩母亲的典型反应是遗弃死去的婴儿,有时是在长时间搬运和梳理尸体之后。在这里,我们报告了乌干达和科特迪瓦野生黑猩猩社区中母体同类相食的两个异常观察结果,并讨论了其进化意义。两个婴儿很可能在不同的情况下死亡;一个显然是早产的结果,另一个可能是杀婴的结果。在这两种情况下,母亲们吃掉了尸体的一部分,并与其他小组成员分享肉食。在事件发生之前或之后,两名女性都没有表现出任何明显的健康状况不佳的迹象。我们得出的结论是,在这两种情况下,由于母亲的健康相关问题,不太可能吃掉婴儿。我们在黑猩猩母亲始终避免母体同类相食的背景下讨论这些观察结果,尽管有充足的机会和营养优势。我们得出的结论是,母体同类相食在这种灵长类动物中极为罕见,这可能是由于母子之间的纽带形成早而牢固,而在当前的案例中,母子纽带的形成可能已被严重破坏。由于母亲的健康问题,不太可能吃掉婴儿。我们在黑猩猩母亲始终避免母体同类相食的背景下讨论这些观察结果,尽管有充足的机会和营养优势。我们得出的结论是,母体同类相食在这种灵长类动物中极为罕见,这可能是由于母子之间的纽带形成早而牢固,而在目前的情况下,母子纽带可能已被严重破坏。由于母亲的健康相关问题,不太可能吃掉婴儿。我们在黑猩猩母亲始终避免母体同类相食的背景下讨论这些观察结果,尽管有充足的机会和营养优势。我们得出的结论是,母体同类相食在这种灵长类动物中极为罕见,这可能是由于母子之间的纽带形成早而牢固,而在当前的案例中,母子纽带的形成可能已被严重破坏。
更新日期:2019-10-05
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