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Analysis of the water balance and the nitrogen and phosphorus runoff pollution of a paddy field in situ in the Taihu Lake basin
Paddy and Water Environment ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10333-020-00789-5
Yunqiang Xu , Baolin Su , Hongqi Wang , Jingyi He , Yaxue Yang

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff loads of paddy fields in situ under conventional water and fertilizer management measures caused severe water pollution in the Taihu Lake basin. The “water balance method” was implemented to calculate the surface runoff and the N and P runoff loads of the paddy field for 2 years. The total inflow difference in the paddy field between the 2 years was 22.5% with more irrigation and less precipitation in 2013 than in 2014. The soil water depletion of the paddy field was in the range of 47.0–83.3 mm, accounting for an average of 6.4% of the total inflow. The surface runoff was mainly caused by precipitation and artificial drainage, but irrigation return flow should not be neglected in paddy fields in situ. The rainfall runoff volume accounted for an average of 42.2% of the total precipitation. The artificial drainages occurred mainly during the tillering stage of drying, during maturity stage of drying and when the water level was too high in the paddy field. More than half of the irrigation cases would occur as irrigation return flow, which accounted for an average of 11.8% of the irrigation. The variation in N and P concentrations in the surface runoff of the paddy field was predominantly governed by the times of fertilization. Compared to the irrigation volume control, the runoff pollution loads were predominantly governed by the fertilization rate. The mean reduction potential of N and P fertilization was 38.9 kg ha−1 and 7.5 kg ha−1, respectively. Reducing fertilizer rate is the effective way to improve the runoff pollution in paddy fields in the Taihu Lake basin.

中文翻译:

太湖流域水田水平衡及氮磷径流污染分析

传统水肥管理措施下水田的氮,磷流失负荷对太湖流域造成了严重的水污染。实施了“水平衡法”,计算了两年水田的地表径流以及N,P径流负荷。与2014年相比,2013年的两年间,稻田的总流入差异为22.5%,灌溉增加且降水减少。稻田的土壤耗水量在47.0-83.3 mm范围内,平均为占总流入量的6.4%。地表径流主要是由于降水和人工排水造成的,但在稻田中不应忽视灌溉回流。降雨径流量平均占总降雨量的42.2%。人工排水主要发生在干燥分er期,干燥成熟期以及水田水位过高时。超过一半的灌溉案例将发生在灌溉回流中,平均占灌溉的11.8%。稻田表面径流中氮磷含量的变化主要受施肥时间的控制。与灌溉量控制相比,径流污染负荷主要受施肥量控制。氮,磷施肥的平均减少潜力为38.9 kg公顷 超过一半的灌溉案例将发生在灌溉回流中,平均占灌溉的11.8%。稻田表面径流中氮磷含量的变化主要受施肥时间的控制。与灌溉量控制相比,径流污染负荷主要受施肥量控制。氮,磷施肥的平均减少潜力为38.9 kg公顷 超过一半的灌溉案例将发生在灌溉回流中,平均占灌溉的11.8%。稻田表面径流中氮磷含量的变化主要受施肥时间的控制。与灌溉量控制相比,径流污染负荷主要受施肥量控制。氮,磷施肥的平均减少潜力为38.9 kg ha-1和7.5 kg ha -1。降低肥料用量是改善太湖流域稻田径流污染的有效途径。
更新日期:2020-01-18
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