Plants are capable of actively adapting to a variety of environmental signals by adjusting physiological activities, growth behaviors, and architectural morphology. Temperatures are one of the major environmental factors that extensively affect plant growth and developmental processes. A suite of signaling mediators and underlying molecular mechanisms governing plant adaptation to stressful high and low temperatures have been explored through molecular genetic approaches and global-scale gene expression screening in recent decades. Notably, it is known that ambient temperature changes even by a few degrees also profoundly affect plant developmental and morphological traits. In particular, in response to ambient warm temperatures, plants exhibit distinct morphological adjustments, such as stem elongation, increase of leaf hyponasty, and formation of small, slender leaves, which are collectively termed thermomorphogenesis. Plant thermomorphogenesis is intimately associated with global warming, which represents a steady increase of the average global temperatures and is emerging as a world-wide ecological concern because of its impacts on plant vegetation and crop productivity. In this minireview, we summarize recent progress in the field and discuss practical insights into how plants cope with temperature changes to sustain optimal growth and adaptive behaviors.

中文翻译：

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植物热形态发生适应全球变暖

通过调整生理活动，生长行为和建筑形态，植物能够主动适应各种环境信号。温度是广泛影响植物生长和发育过程的主要环境因素之一。近几十年来，已经通过分子遗传学方法和全球规模的基因表达筛选研究了一套信号传导介质和控制植物适应高低温的潜在分子机制。值得注意的是，已知即使几度的环境温度变化也深刻影响植物的发育和形态特征。特别是，响应周围的温暖温度，植物会表现出明显的形态调节，例如茎伸长，叶片下垂性增加，并形成细长的小叶片，这些叶片统称为热形态发生。植物热形态发生与全球变暖密切相关，全球变暖代表着全球平均温度的稳定上升，并且由于其对植物植被和农作物生产力的影响，正在成为全世界关注的生态问题。在这份小型回顾中，我们总结了该领域的最新进展，并讨论了有关植物如何应对温度变化以维持最佳生长和适应性行为的实际见解。这代表着全球平均温度的稳定上升，并且由于其对植物植被和农作物生产力的影响，正在成为全世界关注的生态问题。在这份小型回顾中，我们总结了该领域的最新进展，并讨论了植物如何应对温度变化以维持最佳生长和适应行为的实践见解。这代表着全球平均温度的稳定上升，并且由于其对植物植被和农作物生产力的影响，正在成为全世界关注的生态问题。在这份小型回顾中，我们总结了该领域的最新进展，并讨论了植物如何应对温度变化以维持最佳生长和适应行为的实践见解。