Magnetic actuation techniques and microrobots have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in biomedicine. Interventional techniques have emerged as a minimally invasive approach to treat a wide range of vascular diseases. The current practice of interventional procedures is, however, limited by manual control of interventional devices and time-consuming procedures. Moreover, fluoroscopy is considered as an essential part of the procedure today despite posing many limitations for patients and physicians. Recently, various microrobotic solutions have been proposed for vascular interventions, including advances in magnetic navigation systems and magnetically steerable catheters and guidewires, which have shown potential benefits such as reduced radiation doses, improved access to difficult-to-reach and tortuous anatomy. This paper reviews the commercial magnetic actuation systems and magnetically actuated interventional microrobots that have been developed by academic research groups and medical companies worldwide, outlining their capability, applicability as well as limitations. We further address the challenges and future prospects of the research toward clinical acceptance of magnetic interventional technologies.

中文翻译：

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电磁驱动系统以及基于电磁导丝和导管的微型机器人在血管介入方面的综述

电磁驱动技术和微型机器人由于其在生物医学中的潜在应用而吸引了相当大的兴趣。介入技术已经作为治疗多种血管疾病的微创方法出现。但是，介入程序的当前实践受到介入装置的手动控制和耗时的过程的限制。此外，尽管对患者和医生构成了许多限制，但透视检查仍被认为是当今程序的重要组成部分。最近，已经提出了各种微机器人解决方案用于血管干预，包括磁导航系统以及可磁控导管和导线的进步，这些解决方案已显示出潜在的好处，例如减少了辐射剂量，改善了难以到达的位置和弯曲的解剖结构。本文回顾了由学术研究团体和全球医疗公司开发的商用电磁驱动系统和电磁驱动微型机器人，概述了它们的功能，适用性和局限性。我们进一步解决了磁介入技术临床接受研究的挑战和未来前景。