In this study, the bioaccumulation and biosorption of aqueous metals (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and trivalent chromium) by live and dead cells of Penicillium simplicissimum (isolate 10) were investigated and compared. Removal experiments under varying cell concentrations, pH and initial metal concentrations revealed that live cells generally achieved highest metal removal rates when 0.80 g fresh weight of cells was used, with metal solutions at pH 5 and concentrations of 50–100 mg L −1 (up to 150 and 200 mg L −1 for cadmium and lead, respectively). On the contrary, biosorption of metals by dead cells occurred at maximum rates when as little as 0.15 g dry weight of cells was used, in conditions of pH 5–7 (metal dependent) and lower metal concentration of 50 mg L −1 . This comparative analysis suggested that although effective bioremediation by live cells required more cell biomass and preferred the five metals at concentrations of 50–100 mg L −1 , the amount of metals removed by live cells were significantly higher (36.2–86.4% for 100 mg L −1 and pH 5) than by dead cells (8.5–58.9%). The results indicated that bioaccumulation is a favourable process that aids in metal removal together with biosorption, and is presumably more effective than the independent process of biosorption alone (by dead cells). Hence, the metal removal potential of P. simplicissimum , especially live cells of this indoor metal-tolerant isolate, may be applied to wastewaters for effective removal within optimum pH range and metal concentrations. Graphic Abstract First few studies to optimize bioaccumulation conditions for P. simplicissimum . Bioaccumulation process was found to be more effective than biosorption. Bioaccumulation allowed metal removal in solutions with high concentrations. Metal biosorption was also optimized but was inferior to bioaccumulation.

中文翻译：

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用于去除有毒金属的室内金属耐受性简单青霉的生物积累和生物吸附活性

在这项研究中，研究和比较了简单青霉（分离株 10）的活细胞和死细胞对水性金属（镉、铜、铅、锌和三价铬）的生物积累和生物吸附。在不同细胞浓度、pH 值和初始金属浓度下的去除实验表明，当使用 0.80 g 鲜重细胞、pH 5 和浓度为 50–100 mg L -1 (up镉和铅分别为 150 和 200 mg L -1）。相反，当使用低至 0.15 克干重的细胞时，在 pH 5-7（金属依赖）和较低金属浓度 50 mg L -1 的条件下，死细胞对金属的生物吸附以最大速率发生。该比较分析表明，虽然活细胞的有效生物修复需要更多的细胞生物量，并且首选浓度为 50-100 mg L -1 的五种金属，但活细胞去除的金属量显着更高（100 mg L -1 为 36.2-86.4% L -1 和 pH 5) 而不是死细胞 (8.5–58.9%)。结果表明，生物积累是一种有利的过程，可以与生物吸附一起帮助去除金属，并且可能比单独的生物吸附（通过死细胞）的独立过程更有效。因此，P. simplicissimum 的金属去除潜力，尤其是这种室内耐金属分离株的活细胞，可应用于废水，以在最佳 pH 值范围和金属浓度内有效去除。图形摘要 最初的几项优化 P 生物积累条件的研究。简单化。发现生物积累过程比生物吸附更有效。生物积累允许在高浓度溶液中去除金属。金属生物吸附也得到了优化，但不如生物积累。