Somatic embryogenesis has already been used for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) embling production on a laboratory scale, but automation is needed to increase efficiency and reduce costs. One option to scale up production is mass production in bioreactors. In a series of experiments, a pro-embryogenic mass was propagated using Plantform temporary immersion system bioreactors, and the effect of different aeration cycles, support pad materials, and post-maturation treatments (rinsing and desiccation) on the embryo yield and embling survival after 4 to 6 mo in a greenhouse was tested. Three genotypes were used to test each treatment. The best aeration frequency was 20 min every 4 h, while a lower or higher frequency did not generally improve embryo production. Filter paper on plastic netting was the best support pad material in terms of usability and embryo production (varying from 177 ± 20 to 696 ± 109 per g pro-embryogenic mass). The separation of the embryos from the undeveloped cell mass by rinsing with sterile water resulted in reduced survival of the emblings. Desiccation treatment on nested plates with the embryos on the inner plate with or without filter paper improved their survival. Bioreactors were laborious to prepare, load, and clean. Improvements in embryo production can be achieved by optimizing the process, but bioreactors based on the requirements of somatic embryogenesis are needed to enable their use in the mass production of Norway spruce emblings.

挪威云杉已经使用了体细胞胚发生（Picea abies（L.）Karst）在实验室规模上进行生产，但是需要自动化以提高效率并降低成本。扩大生产的一种选择是在生物反应器中进行大规模生产。在一系列实验中，使用Plantform临时浸没系统生物反应器繁殖了促胚物质，并且不同曝气周期，支撑垫材料和成熟后处理（漂洗和干燥）对胚胎产量和胚芽存活的影响在温室中测试4至6个月。三种基因型用于测试每种治疗。最佳通气频率是每4小时20分钟，而较低或较高的频率通常并不能改善胚胎的产生。就可用性和胚胎生产而言，塑料网上的滤纸是最好的支撑垫材料（每克促胚质量为177±20至696±109）。通过用无菌水冲洗从未发育的细胞团中分离出胚胎，导致残存物减少。在有或没有滤纸的情况下，将内盘上的胚进行干燥处理，可以提高其存活率。生物反应器费力地准备，装载和清洁。可以通过优化工艺来提高胚胎产量，但是需要基于体细胞胚胎发生要求的生物反应器，才能将其用于挪威云杉屑的大量生产。通过用无菌水冲洗从未发育的细胞团中分离出胚胎，导致残存物减少。对嵌套板进行干燥处理，使内板中的胚带有或不带有滤纸，可提高其存活率。生物反应器费力地准备，装载和清洁。可以通过优化工艺来提高胚胎产量，但是需要基于体细胞胚胎发生要求的生物反应器，才能将其用于挪威云杉屑的大量生产。通过用无菌水冲洗从未发育的细胞团中分离出胚胎，导致残存物减少。在有或没有滤纸的情况下，将内盘上的胚进行干燥处理，可以提高其存活率。生物反应器费力地准备，装载和清洁。可以通过优化工艺来提高胚胎产量，但是需要基于体细胞胚胎发生要求的生物反应器，才能将其用于挪威云杉屑的大量生产。