Mineral nutrient medium requirements for propagation of in vitro shoots of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Maksat’, and ‘Voskhod’ were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The mineral nutritional factors evaluated were based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) mineral nutrients (NH₄NO₃, KNO₃, CaCl₂, KH₂PO₄, MgSO₄, and minor nutrients), with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.0× the MS concentrations. Nine plant growth qualities were evaluated. The most significant factors were NH₄NO₃ at 0.5 to 1.0× MS, and minor nutrients at 2.0× MS. Most of the other factors were optimal at 0.5×. The quality rating was highest when minor nutrients were 2.0× MS, and most other nutrients were standard concentrations or lower. Increased KH₂PO₄ and minor nutrients were the most significant for improved multiplication, and higher KNO₃ for shoot length. Optimized media were developed for each cultivar based on these models. The cultivars were grown on the three individual optimized media, a general medium based on the three optimizations, and MS. The optimized medium for each cultivar was significantly better for shoot quality and shoot length of each cultivar than MS, but the generalized medium of minors at 2.0× and NH₄NO₃, CaCl₂, and MgSO₄ at 0.5× MS, was significantly better for two of the three cultivars and not significantly different for the third. The next step to develop a final optimized medium will require the evaluation of the minor nutrients, determination of optimal concentrations of each, and screening a wide range of Malus germplasm on the finalized medium.

使用响应面方法（RSM）研究了苹果（Malus domestica Borkh）“ Golden Delicious”，“ Maksat”和“ Voskhod”体外芽繁殖所需的矿物质营养培养基。评估的矿物质营养因子基于Murashige和Skoog（MS）矿物质营养素（NH ₄ NO ₃，KNO ₃，CaCl ₂，KH ₂ PO ₄，MgSO ₄和微量营养素），浓度范围为0.5到3.0倍。 MS浓度。评价了九种植物的生长品质。最重要的因素是NH ₄ NO ₃在0.5到1.0×MS的条件下，微量营养素在2.0×MS的条件下。其他大多数因素在0.5倍时最佳。当微量营养素为2.0×MS，而大多数其他营养素为标准浓度或更低时，质量等级最高。KH ₂ PO _4的增加和微量营养素对繁殖的改善最为显着，而KNO ₃的芽长则更高。基于这些模型，为每个品种开发了优化的培养基。该品种在三种单独的优化培养基，基于这三种优化方法的普通培养基和MS上生长。每个品种的优化培养基在质量和芽长上均明显优于MS，但在2.0×和NH ₄ NO下的未成年人的通用培养基₃，CaCl ₂和MgSO ₄在0.5×MS时对三个品种中的两个显着更好，而对于第三个品种则没有显着差异。开发最终优化培养基的下一步将需要评估微量营养素，确定每种营养物质的最佳浓度，并在最终培养基上筛选广泛的海棠种质。